[MSSQL]采用pivot函数实现动态行转列
环境要求:2005+ 在日常需求中经常会有行转列的事情需求处理,如果不是动态的行,那么我们可以采取case when 罗列处理。 在sql 2005以前处理动态行或列的时候,通常采用拼接字符串的方法处理,在2005以后新增了pivot函数之后,我可以利用这样函数来处理。 1.
环境要求:2005+
在日常需求中经常会有行转列的事情需求处理,如果不是动态的行,那么我们可以采取case when 罗列处理。
在sql 2005以前处理动态行或列的时候,通常采用拼接字符串的方法处理,在2005以后新增了pivot函数之后,我可以利用这样函数来处理。
1.动态SQL注入式判断函数
--既然是用到了动态SQL,就有一个老话题:SQL注入。建一个注入性字符的判断函数。 CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_CheckSQLInjection] ( @Col nvarchar(4000) ) RETURNS BIT --如果存在可能的注入字符返回true,反之返回false AS BEGIN DECLARE @result bit; IF UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%0x%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%;%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%''%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%--%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%/*%*/%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%EXEC%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%xp_%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%sp_%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%SELECT%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%INSERT%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%UPDATE%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%DELETE%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%TRUNCATE%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%CREATE%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%ALTER%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%DROP%') SET @result=1 ELSE SET @result=0 return @result END GO
2.需求:
--通过日期查询几个表联合,按照检验项目分类,按日期横向展示
select a.检验项目 , CONVERT(char(10),a.日期,120)日期,Convert(decimal(18,2),cast((SUM(a.测试数量)-SUM(a.不良数量)) as decimal(18,2))/sum(测试数量))*100 as 良率 --into #tempcob from (select 日期,检验项目, 测试数量, 不良数量 from 制程COB成测 union all select 日期,检验项目, 测试数量, 不良数量 from 制程COB外观 union all select 日期,检验项目,测试数量, 不良数量 from 制程COB绑测 union all select 送检日期,'FQC_COB_检验',检验数量,不合格数量 from 制程FQC_COB_检验 ) as a where CONVERT(char(10),日期,120)>='2014-10-01' and CONVERT(char(10),日期,120)<= '2014-10-30' group by a.检验项目,a.日期
3.解决方案:
--抓取数据写入临时表#tempcob select a.检验项目 , CONVERT(char(10),a.日期,120)日期,Convert(decimal(18,2),cast((SUM(a.测试数量)-SUM(a.不良数量)) as decimal(18,2))/sum(测试数量))*100 as 良率 into #tempcob from (select 日期,检验项目, 测试数量, 不良数量 from 制程COB成测 union all select 日期,检验项目, 测试数量, 不良数量 from 制程COB外观 union all select 日期,检验项目,测试数量, 不良数量 from 制程COB绑测 union all select 送检日期,'FQC_COB_检验',检验数量,不合格数量 from 制程FQC_COB_检验 ) as a where CONVERT(char(10),日期,120)>='2014-10-01' and CONVERT(char(10),日期,120)<= '2014-10-30' group by a.检验项目,a.日期 --查看临时表数据,取分布日期(不重复) --select 日期 from #tempcob --select distinct 日期 from #tempcob DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(4000)=N''; --这里使用了xml处理来处理类组字符串 SET @SQL=STUFF((SELECT N','+QUOTENAME(b.日期) FROM (select distinct 日期 from #tempcob) as b FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,N''); --加入了xml处理和SQL注入预防判断 IF dbo.fn_CheckSQLInjection(@SQL)=0 SET @SQL='select * from #tempcob pivot (max(良率) for 日期 in ('+@SQL+')) as tt' EXEC(@SQL); drop table #tempcob
4.结果:

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