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MySQL 安装备份在Linux系统中的安装

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:11 PM
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Linux系统中MySQL 安装备份和相关的密码恢复在实际中的应用比例还是占为多数的,如果你对这技术,心存好奇的话,以下的文章将会揭开它的神秘面纱。希望会给你带来一些帮助在此方面。 摘要:本文针对MySQL这个功能强大的数据库,介绍MySQL的安装,数据MySQL

Linux系统中MySQL 安装备份和相关的密码恢复在实际中的应用比例还是占为多数的,如果你对这技术,心存好奇的话,以下的文章将会揭开它的神秘面纱。希望会给你带来一些帮助在此方面。

摘要:本文针对MySQL这个功能强大的数据库,介绍MySQL的安装,数据MySQL 安装备份以及丢失密码时的密码恢复。如无特别说明,本文所测试的Linux系统为RedHat9.0。

标签:Linux SQL 安装 MySQL 备份

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MySQL的安装

Redhat 9的第2张光盘提供了MySQL的RPM包,安装非常方便。这RPM包有:MySQL-3.23.54a-11.i386.rpm

MySQL-server-3.23.54a-11.i386.rpm

MySQL-devel-3.23.54a-11.i386.rpm

在安装时,可以使用该光盘进行安装,也可以从网上下载最新的RPM包,然后再进行安装。

以下以RPM包的安装为例介绍MySQL的安装过程,若用户在安装RedHat时已经安装了MySQL,则可以跳过下面的安装步骤。

我们可以用rpm –qa |grep MySQL命令来探测Linux系统是否安装了MySQL。

若系统没有安装,则将第2张光盘中的

perl-CGI-2.81-88.i386.rpm

perl-DBI-1.32-5.i386.rpm

perl-DBD-MySQL-2.1021-3.i386.rpm

MySQL-3.23.54a-11.i386.rpm

MySQL-server-3.23.54a-11.i386.rpm

为什么要安装Perl的rpm包呢?这是因为在RedHat中,MySQL需要Perl语言的支持才能正常运行,因此在安装MySQL前需要先安装Perl语言及其相关包。

我们按照下面的安装顺序来安装上述的5个rpm包。

#rpm –ivh perl-CGI-2.81-88.i386.rpm

#rpm –ivh perl-DBI-1.32-5.i386.rpm

#rpm –ivh MySQL-3.23.54a-11.i386.rpm perl-DBD-MySQL-2.1021-3.i386.rpm

#rpm –ivh MySQL-server-3.23.54a-11.i386.rpm

Linux下MySQL的安装

现在MySQL已经安装完毕,我们可以用命令来启动MySQL并检验其是否被启动。

我们可以用三种方法来启动MySQL:

方法一:使用service命令来启动MySQL

#service MySQL start

方法二:使用MySQLd脚本来启动MySQL:

#/etc/init.d/mys qld start

方法三:使用safe_MySQLd实用程序启动MySQL服务,此方法可以使用相关参数

#safe_MySQLd& //使用&表示将safe_MySQLd放在后台执行。

这里我们使用方法二来启动MySQL

我们可以使用命令service MySQLd status来检测MySQL是否已经启动,如图四所示,其中返回信息“pid 3295”中的“3295”是MySQLd运行的进程号,这个进程号不是固定不变的,而是根据不同系统运行的进程数量而各不相同。

MySQL已经安装并启动,我们可以用MySQL里的命令来操作我们的MySQL数据库。

我们可以用MySQL –u root –p 来访问数据库,系统会提示让我们输入密码,当MySQL安装时,默认root帐户的密码为空,所以我们直接敲“enter”就可以进入到我们数据库内部。我们还可以用 show databases;命令来查看系统中现存的数据库。见图五,我们可以看到系统中默认自带了MySQL和test这两个数据库。

我们如果想改变MySQL的密码,可以用MySQLadmin命令,命令格式为

MySQLadmin -u root -p password 密码,这里的“密码”为我们欲新设的密码。如下图所示,这里我们将root的密码设置为“public” ,系统会提示我们输入旧密码(若是MySQL刚安装,则默认密码为空)。

Mysql的命令还有很多,这里我们不可能一一介绍,感兴趣的读者可以参考Mysql的命令手册。

MySQL 安装备份

我们的数据库需要经常备份,Mysql数据库的常用备份方法是使用使用实用程序mysqldump, 其命令格式如下:

# mysqldump [options] database [tables]

其参数的含义为:

options:代表mysqldump的选项,通过mysqldump –help可以查到。

database: 代表将要备份的数据库

tables: 代表将要备份的表,如果不指定任何表,则备份整个数据库。

我们使用mysqldump备份了mysql自带的mysql库,并且用

ll命令来查看备份文件。

我们再来看看备份后的恢复,如图九,图十所示,我们新创建一个数据库bak,然后把我们刚才备份的mysql.bak文件导入到这个数据库。

创建一个bak数据库

导入mysql.bak到bak数据库

Mysql的密码恢复

Mysql隔一段时间不访问,也许你会忘记访问密码,这时该怎么办,重装mysql吗?这个代价也太大了,我们这里介绍两种恢复密码的方法。

方法一:因为Mysql密码存储于数据库mysql中的user表中,所以我们只要用已知密码的user表拷贝过来覆盖就行了。

Linux下 在/var/lib/mysql/mysql/目录下有三个user表相关文件user.frm、user.MYD、user.MYI。它们分别表示:

user.frm //user表样式文件

user.MYD //user表数据文件

user.MYI //user表索引文件

为保险起见,我们先将这三个user表相关文件MySQL 安装备份,

改变mysql的密码


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