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常用的MySQL命令的实际操作流程

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:11 PM
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以下的文章主要介绍的是MySQL数据库中经常使用的MySQL命令的实际操作其中包括对如何正确连接到本机上的MySQL数据库,如何正确修改密码,以及如何增加新用户的实际操作步骤,以下就是文章的具体内容。 一、连接到本机上的MySQL。 首 先打开DOS窗口,然后进入

以下的文章主要介绍的是MySQL数据库中经常使用的MySQL命令的实际操作其中包括对如何正确连接到本机上的MySQL数据库,如何正确修改密码,以及如何增加新用户的实际操作步骤,以下就是文章的具体内容。

一、连接到本机上的MySQL。

首 先打开DOS窗口,然后进入目录MySQL\bin,再键入MySQL命令MySQL -u root -p,回车后提示你输密码.注意用户名前可以有空格也可以没有空格,但是密码前必须没有空格,否则让你重新输入密码.

如果刚安装好MySQL,超级用户root是没有密码的,故直接回车即可进入到 MySQL中了,MySQL的提示符是: MySQL>

2、连接到远程主机上的MySQL。假设远程主机的IP 为:110.110.110.110,用户名为root,密码为abcd123。则键入以下命令:

MySQL -h110.110.110.110 -u root -p 123; (注:u与root之间可以不用加空格,其它也一样)

3、退出MySQL命令: exit (回车)

二、修改密码。

格 式:MySQLadmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password 新密码

1、给root加个密码ab12。首先在DOS下进入目录 MySQL\bin,然后键入以下命令

MySQLadmin -u root -password ab12

注:因为开始时root没有 密码,所以-p旧密码一项就可以省略了。

2、再将root的密码改为djg345。

MySQLadmin -u root -p ab12 password djg345

三、 增加新用户。

(注意:和上面不同,下面的因为是MySQL环境中的命令,所以后面都带一个分号作为命令结束符)

格 式:grant select on 数据库.* to 用户名@登录主机 identified by “密码”

1、增加一个用户test1密 码为abc,让他可以在任何主机上登录,并对所有数据库有查询、插入、修改、删除的权限。首先用root用户连入MySQL,然后键入以下命令:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>grant select,insert,update,delete on *.* to [</span><span class="attribute">email</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">test1</span><span>@”%]test1@”%[/email]” Identified by “abc”; </span></span></li></ol>

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但 增加的用户是十分危险的,你想如某个人知道test1的密码,那么他就可以在internet上的任何一台电脑上登录你的MySQL数据库并对你的数据可 以为所欲为了,解决办法见2。

2、增加一个用户test2密码为abc,让他只可以在localhost上登录,并可以对数据库mydb进行查 询、插入、修改、删除的操作(localhost指本地主机,即MySQL数据库所在的那台主机),

这样用户即使用知道test2的密码,他也无 法从internet上直接访问数据库,只能通过MySQL主机上的web页来访问了。

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>grant select,insert,update,delete on mydb.* to [</span><span class="attribute">email</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">test2</span><span>@localhost]test2@localhost[/email] identified by “abc”; </span></span></li></ol>

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如 果你不想test2有密码,可以再打一个MySQL命令将密码消掉。

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>grant select,insert,update,delete on mydb.* to [</span><span class="attribute">email</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">test2</span><span>@localhost]test2@localhost[/email] identified by “”; </span></span></li></ol>

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下篇我们讲述的是MySQL中有关数据库方面的操作。注意:你必须首先登录到MySQL中,以下操作都是在MySQL的提示符下进行的,而且每个命令以分号结束。

一、 操作技巧

1、如果你打命令时,回车后发现忘记加分号,你无须重打一遍命令,只要打个分号回车就可以了。

也就是说你可以把一个完整的命令分 成几行来打,完后用分号作结束标志就OK。

2、你可以使用光标上下键调出以前的MySQL命令。

二、显示命令

1、显示当前数据库服务器中的 数据库列表:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> SHOW DATABASES; </span></span></li></ol>

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注意:MySQL库里面有MySQL的系统信息,我们改密码和新增用户,实际上就是用这个库进行操作。

2、显示数据库中的数据表:

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<ol class="dp-xml">

<li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> USE 库名;  </span></span></li>

<li>

<span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> SHOW TABLES; </span>

</li>

</ol>

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3、 显示数据表的结构:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> DESCRIBE 表名; </span></span></li></ol>

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4、建立数据库:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> CREATE DATABASE 库 名; </span></span></li></ol>

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5、建立数据表:

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<ol class="dp-xml">

<li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> USE 库名;  </span></span></li>

<li>

<span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> CREATE TABLE 表名 (字段名 VARCHAR(20), 字段名 CHAR(1)); </span>

</li>

</ol>

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6、删除数据库:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> DROP DATABASE 库名; </span></span></li></ol>

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7、 删除数据表:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> DROP TABLE 表名; </span></span></li></ol>

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8、将表中记录清空:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> DELETE FROM 表 名; </span></span></li></ol>

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9、显示表中的记录:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> SELECT * FROM 表名; </span></span></li></ol>

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10、往表中插入记录:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> INSERT INTO 表 名 VALUES (”hyq”,”M”); </span></span></li></ol>

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11、更新表中数据:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL-</span><span class="tag">></span><span> UPDATE 表名 SET 字段名 </span><span class="attribute">1</span><span>=’a',字段名</span><span class="attribute">2</span><span>=’b’ WHERE 字段名</span><span class="attribute">3</span><span>=’c'; </span></span></li></ol>

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12、用文本方式将数据装入数据表中:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE “D:/MySQL.txt” INTO TABLE 表名; </span></span></li></ol>

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13、导入.sql文件命令:

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<ol class="dp-xml">

<li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> USE 数据库名;  </span></span></li>

<li>

<span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> SOURCE d:/MySQL.sql; </span>

</li>

</ol>

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14、 MySQL命令行修改root密码:

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<ol class="dp-xml">

<li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> UPDATE MySQL.user SET </span><span class="attribute">password</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">PASSWORD</span><span>(’新密码’) WHERE </span><span class="attribute">User</span><span>=’root’;  </span></span></li>

<li>

<span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; </span>

</li>

</ol>

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15、显示use的数据库名:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> SELECT DATABASE(); </span></span></li></ol>

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16、 显示当前的user:

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span> SELECT USER(); </span></span></li></ol>

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三、一个建库和建表以及插入数据的实例

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>drop database if exists school;  </span></span></li></ol>

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如果存在SCHOOL则删除

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>create database school;  </span></span></li></ol>

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建立库SCHOOL

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>use school;  </span></span></li></ol>

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打开 库SCHOOL

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>create table teacher  </span></span></li></ol>

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建立表TEACHER

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<ol class="dp-xml">

<li class="alt"><span><span>(  </span></span></li>

<li><span>id int(3) auto_increment not null primary key,  </span></li>

<li class="alt"><span>name char(10) not null,  </span></li>

<li><span>address varchar(50) default ‘深 圳’,  </span></li>

<li class="alt"><span>year date  </span></li>

<li><span>); </span></li>

</ol>

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建表结束

以下为插入字段

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<ol class="dp-xml">

<li class="alt"><span><span>insert into teacher values(”,’allen’,' 大连一中’,'1976-10-10′);  </span></span></li>

<li><span>insert into teacher values(”,’jack’,'大连二 中’,'1975-12-23′); </span></li>

</ol>

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如果你在MySQL提示符键入上面的命令也可以,但不方便调试。

(1)你可以将以上命令原样写入一个 文本文件中,假设为school.sql,然后复制到c:\\下,并在DOS状态进入目录[url=file://\\MySQL\\bin] \\MySQL\\bin[/url],然后键入以下命令:

MySQL -uroot -p密码

如 果成功,空出一行无任何显示;如有错误,会有提示。(以上命令已经调试,你只要将//的注释去掉即可使用)。

(2)或者进入命令行后使 用 MySQL> source c:\\school.sql; 也可以将school.sql文件导入数据库中。

四、将文本数据转到数 据库中

1、文本数据应符合的格式:字段数据之间用tab键隔开,null值用[url=file://\\n]\\n[/url]来代替.例:

3 rose 大 连二中 1976-10-10

4 mike 大连一中 1975-12-23

假设你把这两组数据存为school.txt文件,放在c盘根目录下。

2、数据传入MySQL命令

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>load data local infile “c:\\school.txt” into table 表名; </span></span></li></ol>

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注 意:你最好将文件复制到[url=file://\\MySQL\\bin]\\MySQL\\bin[/url]目录下,并且要先用use命令打表所在 的库。

五、备份数据库:(命令在DOS的[url=file://\\MySQL\\bin]\\MySQL\\bin[/url]目录下执行)

1. 导出整个数据库

导出文件默认是存在MySQL\bin目录下

MySQLdump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 > 导出的文件名

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQLdump -u user_name -p123456 database_name </span><span class="tag">></span><span> outfile_name.sql </span></span></li></ol>

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2. 导出一个表

MySQLdump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 表名> 导出的文件名

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQLdump -u user_name -p database_name table_name </span><span class="tag">></span><span> outfile_name.sql </span></span></li></ol>

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3. 导出一个数据库结构

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQLdump -u user_name -p -d –add-drop-table database_name </span><span class="tag">></span><span> outfile_name.sql </span></span></li></ol>

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-d 没 有数据 –add-drop-table 在每个create语句之前增加一个drop table

4.带语言参数导出

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>MySQLdump -uroot -p –</span><span class="attribute">default-character-set</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">latin1</span><span> –</span><span class="attribute">set-charset</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">gbk</span><span> –skip-opt database_name </span><span class="tag">></span><span> outfile_name.sql </span></span></li></ol>

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六、数据库远程登录权限设置

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<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>GRANT ALL ON *.* TO MySQL@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'MySQL123' WITH GRANT OPTION </span></span></li></ol>

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以上的相关内容就是对MySQL常用命令锦集的介绍,望你能有所收获。 


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