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文件系统和数据库的对比

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:13 PM
Compared database document want

文件系统和数据库的对比 本文主要从单机系统的角度出发,对比通用的文件系统和数据库技术。想到哪里就写到哪里,遗漏的地方应该很多。 共同点: 同属于系统软件或底层软件都是用来存储和访问数据的都有着悠久的研究开发历史都有成熟的标准或规范。这既有利于

文件系统和数据库的对比

本文主要从单机系统的角度出发,对比通用的文件系统和数据库技术。想到哪里就写到哪里,遗漏的地方应该很多。


共同点:
同属于系统软件或底层软件都是用来存储和访问数据的都有着悠久的研究开发历史都有成熟的标准或规范。这既有利于开发可移植的程序,又不利于开发创新的系统,特别是分布式系统。实现技术上也有很多的共同点
大都采用C/C++这样更底层的语言都需要保证数据的一致性,特别的,不同程度的支持事务都有Block或Page或Allocation unit或Extent这样的概念都用到Buffer cache、LRU、Group commit之类的概念和算法都要针对各种负载做IO优化

不同点:

数据库对事务的支持要强很多,文件系统可以只保证元数据的一致性数据库有不同级别的一致性,以隔离级别的形式体现出来数据库可以有REDO和UNDO日志,文件系统一般只用REDO数据库的事务可以很长,文件系统的事务很短数据库的事务事先无法确定,是用户输入的,文件系统的事务可以事先确定,种类明确数据库是用户态实现的,文件系统一般是内核态实现的。因此,前者更容易做到跨OS平台数据库的访问接口通常是非过程化的S【本文来自鸿网互联 (http://www.68idc.cn)】QL语言,文件系统的则是API。二者对应的主流标准分别是SQL和POSIX数据库对死锁可以做检测,文件系统则需要避免死锁

联系点:

数据库系统经常依赖于文件系统作为其最底层的存储,也可能会实现一些文件系统的功能文件系统可以为数据库这种特殊的应用做专门的优化文件系统可以被当做简单的数据库使用(例如VSAM),数据库也可以暴露出NFS(例如Oracle)文件系统可能会用到一些简单的数据库功能(例如把符号链接当KV,实现简单的DB功能,或直接用一个小型的DBMS)
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