图解MySQL数据库安装与实际操作
本文主要讲述的是图解MySQL数据库安装与实际操作的介绍, 你是否对获得图解MySQL数据库安装与实际实际操作感到十分头疼?如果是这样子的话,以下的文章将会给你相应的解决方案。 1.图解MySQL数据库安装和操作:初始的数据库 (和PHP搭配之最佳组合)数据库的安
本文主要讲述的是图解MySQL数据库安装与实际操作的介绍, 你是否对获得图解MySQL数据库安装与实际实际操作感到十分头疼?如果是这样子的话,以下的文章将会给你相应的解决方案。
1.图解MySQL数据库安装和操作:初始的数据库
(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)数据库的安装和操作
width="505" height="420" />
b.直接表示:select name '姓名' from students order by age
2.精确查找:
a.用in限定范围:select * from students where native in ('湖南', '四川')
b.between...and:select * from students where age between 20 and 30
c.“=”:select * from students where name = '李山'
d.like:select * from students where name like '李%' (注意查询条件中有“%”,则说明是部分匹配,而且还有先后信息在里面,即查找以“李”开头的匹配项。所以若查询有“李”的所有对象,应该命令:'%李%';若是第二个字为李,则应为'_李%'或'_李'或'_李_'。)
e.[]匹配检查符:select * from courses where cno like '[AC]%' (表示或的关系,与"in(...)"类似,而且"[]"可以表示范围,如:select * from courses where cno like '[A-C]%')
3.对于时间类型变量的处理
a.smalldatetime:直接按照字符串处理的方式进行处理,例如:
select * from students where birth > = '1980-1-1' and birth
4.图解MySQL数据库安装和操作.集函数
a.count()求和,如:select count(*) from students (求学生总人数)
b.avg(列)求平均,如:select avg(mark) from grades where cno=’B2’
c.max(列)和min(列),求最大与最小
5.分组group
常用于统计时,如分组查总数:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select gender,count(sno) </span></span></li> <li><span>from students </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>group by gender </span></li> </ol>
(查看男女学生各有多少)
注意:从哪种角度分组就从哪列"group by"
对于多重分组,只需将分组规则罗列。比如查询各届各专业的男女同学人数 ,那么分组规则有:届别(grade)、专业(mno)和性别(gender),所以有"group by grade, mno, gender"
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select grade, mno, gender, count(*) </span></span></li> <li><span>from students </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>group by grade, mno, gender </span></li> </ol>
通常group还和having联用,比如查询1门课以上不及格的学生,则按学号(sno)分类有:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select sno,count(*) from grades </span></span></li> <li> <span>where mark</span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">60</span><span> </span></span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>group by sno </span></li> <li> <span>having count(*)</span><span class="tag">></span><span>1 </span> </li> </ol>
6.UNION联合
合并查询结果,如:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>SELECT * FROM students </span></span></li> <li><span>WHERE name like ‘张%’ </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>UNION [ALL] </span></li> <li><span>SELECT * FROM students </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>WHERE name like ‘李%’ </span></li> </ol>
7.图解MySQL数据库安装和操作.多表查询
a.内连接
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select g.sno,s.name,c.coursename </span></span></li> <li> <span>from grades g JOIN students s ON </span><span class="attribute">g.sno</span><span>=s.sno </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span>JOIN courses c ON </span><span class="attribute">g.cno</span><span>=c.cno </span> </li> </ol>
(注意可以引用别名)
b.外连接
b1.左连接
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select courses.cno,max(coursename),count(sno) </span></span></li> <li> <span>from courses LEFT JOIN grades ON </span><span class="attribute">courses.cno</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">grades</span><span>.cno </span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>group by courses.cno </span></li> </ol>
左连接特点:显示全部左边表中的所有项目,即使其中有些项中的数据未填写完全。
左外连接返回那些存在于左表而右表中却没有的行,再加上内连接的行。
b2.右连接
与左连接类似
b3.全连接
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select sno,name,major </span></span></li> <li> <span>from students FULL JOIN majors ON </span><span class="attribute">students.mno</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">majors</span><span>.mno </span> </li> </ol>
两边表中的内容全部显示
c.自身连接
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select c1.cno,c1.coursename,c1.pno,c2.coursename </span></span></li> <li> <span>from courses c1,courses c2 where </span><span class="attribute">c1.pno</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">c2</span><span>.cno </span> </li> </ol>
采用别名解决问题。
d.交叉连接
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>select lastname+firstname from lastname CROSS JOIN firstanme </span></span></li></ol>
相当于做笛卡儿积
8.嵌套查询
a.用关键字IN,如查询李山的同乡:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select * from students </span></span></li> <li> <span>where native in (select native from students where </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=’ 李山’) </span> </li> </ol>
b.使用关键字EXIST,比如,下面两句是等价的:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select * from students </span></span></li> <li> <span>where sno in (select sno from grades where </span><span class="attribute">cno</span><span>=’B2’) </span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>select * from students where exists </span></li> <li><span>(select * from grades where </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span class="attribute">grades.sno</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">students</span><span>.sno AND </span><span class="attribute">cno</span><span>=’B2’) </span> </li> </ol>
9.关于排序order
a.对于排序order,有两种方法:asc升序和desc降序
b.对于排序order,可以按照查询条件中的某项排列,而且这项可用数字表示,如:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select sno,count(*) ,avg(mark) from grades </span></span></li> <li><span>group by sno </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span>having avg(mark)</span><span class="tag">></span><span>85 </span> </li> <li><span>order by 3 </span></li> </ol>
10.图解MySQL数据库安装和操作.其他
a.对于有空格的识别名称,应该用"[]"括住。
b.对于某列中没有数据的特定查询可以用null判断,如select sno,courseno from grades where mark IS NULL
c.注意区分在嵌套查询中使用的any与all的区别,any相当于逻辑运算“||”而all则相当于逻辑运算“&&”
d.注意在做否定意义的查询是小心进入陷阱:
如,没有选修‘B2’课程的学生 :
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select students.* </span></span></li> <li><span>from students, grades </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span>where </span><span class="attribute">students.sno</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">grades</span><span>.sno </span> </li> <li> <span>AND grades.cno </span><span class="tag"><span class="tag">></span><span> ’B2’ </span></span> </li> </ol>
上面的查询方式是错误的,正确方式见下方:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select * from students </span></span></li> <li><span>where not exists (select * from grades </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span>where </span><span class="attribute">grades.sno</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">students</span><span>.sno AND </span><span class="attribute">cno</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">'B2'</span><span>) </span> </li> </ol>
11.关于有难度多重嵌套查询的解决思想:
如,选修了全部课程的学生:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>select * </span></span></li> <li><span>from students </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>where not exists ( select * </span></li> <li><span>from courses </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>where NOT EXISTS </span></li> <li><span>(select * </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>from grades </span></li> <li> <span>where </span><span class="attribute">sno</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">students</span><span>.sno </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span>AND </span><span class="attribute">cno</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">courses</span><span>.cno)) </span> </li> </ol>
最外一重:从学生表中选,排除那些有课没选的。用not exist。由于讨论对象是课程,所以第二重查询从course表中找,排除那些选了课的即可。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics



In MySQL database, the relationship between the user and the database is defined by permissions and tables. The user has a username and password to access the database. Permissions are granted through the GRANT command, while the table is created by the CREATE TABLE command. To establish a relationship between a user and a database, you need to create a database, create a user, and then grant permissions.

Data Integration Simplification: AmazonRDSMySQL and Redshift's zero ETL integration Efficient data integration is at the heart of a data-driven organization. Traditional ETL (extract, convert, load) processes are complex and time-consuming, especially when integrating databases (such as AmazonRDSMySQL) with data warehouses (such as Redshift). However, AWS provides zero ETL integration solutions that have completely changed this situation, providing a simplified, near-real-time solution for data migration from RDSMySQL to Redshift. This article will dive into RDSMySQL zero ETL integration with Redshift, explaining how it works and the advantages it brings to data engineers and developers.

To fill in the MySQL username and password: 1. Determine the username and password; 2. Connect to the database; 3. Use the username and password to execute queries and commands.

1. Use the correct index to speed up data retrieval by reducing the amount of data scanned select*frommployeeswherelast_name='smith'; if you look up a column of a table multiple times, create an index for that column. If you or your app needs data from multiple columns according to the criteria, create a composite index 2. Avoid select * only those required columns, if you select all unwanted columns, this will only consume more server memory and cause the server to slow down at high load or frequency times For example, your table contains columns such as created_at and updated_at and timestamps, and then avoid selecting * because they do not require inefficient query se

View the MySQL database with the following command: Connect to the server: mysql -u Username -p Password Run SHOW DATABASES; Command to get all existing databases Select database: USE database name; View table: SHOW TABLES; View table structure: DESCRIBE table name; View data: SELECT * FROM table name;

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is simple to install, powerful and easy to manage data. 1. Simple installation and configuration, suitable for a variety of operating systems. 2. Support basic operations such as creating databases and tables, inserting, querying, updating and deleting data. 3. Provide advanced functions such as JOIN operations and subqueries. 4. Performance can be improved through indexing, query optimization and table partitioning. 5. Support backup, recovery and security measures to ensure data security and consistency.

MySQL database performance optimization guide In resource-intensive applications, MySQL database plays a crucial role and is responsible for managing massive transactions. However, as the scale of application expands, database performance bottlenecks often become a constraint. This article will explore a series of effective MySQL performance optimization strategies to ensure that your application remains efficient and responsive under high loads. We will combine actual cases to explain in-depth key technologies such as indexing, query optimization, database design and caching. 1. Database architecture design and optimized database architecture is the cornerstone of MySQL performance optimization. Here are some core principles: Selecting the right data type and selecting the smallest data type that meets the needs can not only save storage space, but also improve data processing speed.

Navicat itself does not store the database password, and can only retrieve the encrypted password. Solution: 1. Check the password manager; 2. Check Navicat's "Remember Password" function; 3. Reset the database password; 4. Contact the database administrator.
