Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL update 语句的正确用法

MySQL update 语句的正确用法

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:14 PM
mysql update main article correct usage statement

以下的文章主要介绍的是MySQL update 语句的实际用法,我们首先是以单表的UPDATE语句来引出实现MySQL update 语句的实际方案,以下就是文章的详细内容描述,望你看完之后会有收获。 单表的MySQL UPDATE语句: UPDATE[LOW_PRIORITY][IGNORE]tbl_name SET col_

以下的文章主要介绍的是MySQL update 语句的实际用法,我们首先是以单表的UPDATE语句来引出实现MySQL update 语句的实际方案,以下就是文章的详细内容描述,望你看完之后会有收获。

单表的MySQL UPDATE语句:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] tbl_name  </span></span></li>
<li>
<span>SET </span><span class="attribute">col_name1</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">expr1</span><span> [, </span><span class="attribute">col_name2</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">expr2</span><span> ...]  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>[WHERE where_definition]  </span></li>
<li><span>[ORDER BY ...]  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>[LIMIT row_count] </span></li>
</ol>
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多表的UPDATE语句:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] table_references  </span></span></li>
<li>
<span>SET </span><span class="attribute">col_name1</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">expr1</span><span> [, </span><span class="attribute">col_name2</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">expr2</span><span> ...]  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>[WHERE where_definition] </span></li>
</ol>
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UPDATE语法可以用新值更新原有表行中的各列。SET子句指示要修改哪些列和要给予哪些值。WHERE子句指定应更新哪些行。如果没有WHERE子句,则更新所有的行。如果指定了ORDER BY子句,则按照被指定的顺序对行进行更新。LIMIT子句用于给定一个限值,限制可以被更新的行的数目。

MySQL UPDATE语句支持以下修饰符:

如果您使用LOW_PRIORITY关键词,则UPDATE的执行被延迟了,直到没有其它的客户端从表中读取为止。

如果您使用IGNORE关键词,则即使在更新过程中出现错误,更新语句也不会中断。如果出现了重复关键字冲突,则这些行不会被更新。如果列被更新后,新值会导致数据转化错误,则这些行被更新为最接近的合法的值。

如果您在一个表达式中通过tbl_name访问一列,则UPDATE使用列中的当前值。例如,以下语句把年龄列设置为比当前值多一:

<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt">MySQL<span><span class="tag">></span><span> UPDATE persondata SET </span><span class="attribute">age</span><span class="attribute-value">age</span><span>=age+1; </span></span>
</li></ol>
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MySQL UPDATE赋值被从左到右评估。例如,以下语句对年龄列加倍,然后再进行增加:

<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt">MySQL<span><span class="tag">></span><span> UPDATE persondata SET </span><span class="attribute">age</span><span class="attribute-value">age</span><span>=age*2, </span><span class="attribute">age</span><span class="attribute-value">age</span><span>=age+1; </span></span>
</li></ol>
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如果您把一列设置为其当前含有的值,则MySQL会注意到这一点,但不会更新。

如果您把被已定义为NOT NULL的列更新为NULL,则该列被设置到与列类型对应的默认值,并且累加警告数。对于数字类型,默认值为0;对于字符串类型,默认值为空字符串('');对于日期和时间类型,默认值为“zero”值。

UPDATE会返回实际被改变的行的数目。MySQL_info() C API函数可以返回被匹配和被更新的行的数目,以及在UPDATE过程中产生的警告的数量。

您可以使用LIMIT row_count来限定UPDATE的范围。LIMIT子句是一个与行匹配的限定。只要发现可以满足WHERE子句的row_count行,则该语句中止,不论这些行是否被改变。

如果一个UPDATE语句包括一个ORDER BY子句,则按照由子句指定的顺序更新行。

您也可以执行包括多个表的UPDATE操作。table_references子句列出了在联合中包含的表。以下是一个例子:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>SQL</span><span class="tag">></span><span>UPDATE items,month SET </span><span class="attribute">items.price</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">month</span><span>.price  </span></span></li>
<li>
<span>WHERE </span><span class="attribute">items.id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">month</span><span>.id; </span>
</li>
</ol>
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以上的例子显示出了使用逗号操作符的内部联合,但是multiple-table UPDATE语句可以使用在SELECT语句中允许的任何类型的联合,比如LEFT JOIN。

注释:您不能把ORDER BY或LIMIT与multiple-table UPDATE同时使用。

在一个被更改的multiple-table UPDATE中,有些列被引用。您只需要这些列的MySQL UPDATE权限。有些列被读取了,但是没被修改。您只需要这些列的SELECT权限。

如果您使用的multiple-table UPDATE语句中包含带有外键限制的InnoDB表,则MySQL优化符处理表的顺序可能与上下层级关系的顺序不同。在此情况下,语句无效并被 回滚。同时,更新一个单一表,并且依靠ON UPDATE功能。该功能由InnoDB提供,用于对其它表进行相应的修改。

目前,您不能在一个子查询中更新一个表,同时从同一个表中选择。
 


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