如何实现MySQL锁的优化
以下的文章主要介绍的是MySQL锁的实际优化过程,以下就是MySQL锁的优化的具体方案的描述,希望在你今后的学习中会有所帮助。我们大家都知道当前MySQL已经支持 ISAM, MyISAM, MEMORY (HEAP) 类型表的表级锁了。 BDB 表支持页级锁,InnoDB 表支持行级锁 很多时
以下的文章主要介绍的是MySQL锁的实际优化过程,以下就是MySQL锁的优化的具体方案的描述,希望在你今后的学习中会有所帮助。我们大家都知道当前MySQL已经支持 ISAM, MyISAM, MEMORY (HEAP) 类型表的表级锁了。
BDB 表支持页级锁,InnoDB 表支持行级锁
很多时候,可以通过经验来猜测什么样的锁对应用程序更合适,不过通常很难说一个MySQL锁比别的更好,这全都要依据应用程序来决定,不同的地方可能需要不同的锁。
锁机制
当前MySQL已经支持 ISAM, MyISAM, MEMORY (HEAP) 类型表的表级锁了,BDB 表支持页级锁,InnoDB 表支持行级锁。很多时候,可以通过经验来猜测什么样的锁对应用程序更合适,不过通常很难说一个锁比别的更好,这全都要依据应用程序来决定,不同的地方可能需要不同的锁。
想要决定是否需要采用一个支持行级锁的存储引擎,就要看看应用程序都要做什么,其中的查询、更新语句是怎么用的。例如,很多的web应用程序大量的做查询,很少删除,主要是基于索引的更新,只往特定的表中插入记录。采用基本的MySQL MyISAM 表就很合适了。
MySQL中对表级锁的存储引擎来说是释放死锁的。避免死锁可以这样做到:在任何查询之前先请求锁,并且按照请求的顺序锁表。
MySQL中用于 WRITE(写) 的表锁的实现机制如下:
如果表没有加锁,那么就加一个写锁。
否则的话,将请求放到写锁队列中。
MySQL中用于 READ(读) 的表锁的实现机制如下:
如果表没有加写锁,那么就加一个读MySQL锁。
否则的话,将请求放到读锁队列中。
当锁释放后,写锁队列中的线程可以用这个锁资源,然后才轮到读锁队列中的线程。
这就是说,如果表里有很多更新操作的话,那么 SELECT 必须等到所有的更新都完成了之后才能开始。
从 MySQL 3.23.33 开始,可以通过状态变量 Table_locks_waited 和 Table_locks_immediate 来分析系统中的锁表争夺情况:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>mysql</span><span class="tag">></span><span> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Table%'; </span></span></li> <li><span>+-----------------------+---------+ </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>| Variable_name | Value | </span></li> <li><span>+-----------------------+---------+ </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>| Table_locks_immediate | 1151552 | </span></li> <li><span>| Table_locks_waited | 15324 | </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>+-----------------------+---------+ </span></li> </ol>
在 MySQL 3.23.7(在Windows上是3.23.25)以后,在 MyISAM 表中只要没有冲突的 INSERT 操作,就可以无需使用MySQL锁表自由地并行执行 INSERT 和 SELECT 语句。
也就是说,可以在其它客户端正在读取 MyISAM 表记录的同时时插入新记录。如果数据文件的中间没有空余的磁盘块的话,就不会发生冲突了,因为这种情况下所有的新记录都会写在数据文件的末尾(当在表的中间做删除或者更新操作时,就可能导致空洞)。当空洞被新数据填充后,并行插入特性就会自动重新被启用了。
如果想要在一个表上做大量的 INSERT 和 SELECT 操作,但是并行的插入却不可能时,可以将记录插入到临时表中,然后定期将临时表中的数据更新到实际的表里。可以用以下命令实现:

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