Table of Contents
Explain语法
id
select_type 
type
possible_keys
key
key_len
ref
Extra
MySQL执行计划的局限
Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL执行计划解读

MySQL执行计划解读

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:14 PM
explain mysql implement Interpretation plan grammar

Explain语法 EXPLAIN SELECT ……变体: 1 . EXPLAIN EXTENDED SELECT ……将执行计划“反编译”成SELECT语句,运行SHOW WARNINGS 可得到被MySQL优化器优化后的查询语句 2 . EXPLAIN PARTITIONS SELECT ……用于分区表的EXPLAIN 执行计划包含的信息 id 包含

Explain语法

EXPLAIN  <span>SELECT</span><span> ……
变体:
</span><span><strong>1</strong></span>. EXPLAIN EXTENDED <span>SELECT</span><span> ……
将执行计划“反编译”成SELECT语句,运行SHOW WARNINGS 可得到被MySQL优化器优化后的查询语句 
</span><span><strong>2</strong></span>. EXPLAIN PARTITIONS <span>SELECT</span><span> ……
用于分区表的EXPLAIN</span>
Copy after login

执行计划包含的信息

 

id

包含一组数字,表示查询中执行select子句或操作表的顺序

 

id相同,执行顺序由上至下

 

如果是子查询,id的序号会递增,id值越大优先级越高,越先被执行

 

id如果相同,可以认为是一组,从上往下顺序执行;在所有组中,id值越大,优先级越高,越先执行

 

select_type 

表示查询中每个select子句的类型(简单 OR复杂)

 

a.SIMPLE:查询中不包含子查询或者UNION

b.查询中若包含任何复杂的子部分,最外层查询则被标记为:PRIMARY

c.在SELECT或WHERE列表中包含了子查询,该子查询被标记为:SUBQUERY

d.在FROM列表中包含的子查询被标记为:DERIVED(衍生)

e.若第二个SELECT出现在UNION之后,则被标记为UNION;若UNION包含在  FROM子句的子查询中,外层SELECT将被标记为:DERIVED

f.从UNION表获取结果的SELECT被标记为:UNION RESULT

 

type

 

表示MySQL在表中找到所需行的方式,又称“访问类型”,常见类型如下:

 

由左至右,由最差到最好

 

a.ALL:Full Table Scan, MySQL将遍历全表以找到匹配的行

 

b.index:Full Index Scan,index与ALL区别为index类型只遍历索引树

 

c.range:索引范围扫描,对索引的扫描开始于某一点,返回匹配值域的行,常见于between、等的查询

 

range访问类型的不同形式的索引访问性能差异

 

d.ref:非唯一性索引扫描,返回匹配某个单独值的所有行。常见于使用非唯一索引即唯一索引的非唯一前缀进行的查找

 

 

 

 

e.eq_ref:唯一性索引扫描,对于每个索引键,表中只有一条记录与之匹配。常见于主键或唯一索引扫描

 

f.const、system:当MySQL对查询某部分进行优化,并转换为一个常量时,使用这些类型访问。如将主键置于where列表中,MySQL就能将该查询转换为一个常量

system是const类型的特例,当查询的表只有一行的情况下, 使用system

 

 

g.NULL:MySQL在优化过程中分解语句,执行时甚至不用访问表或索引

 

 

possible_keys

 

指出MySQL能使用哪个索引在表中找到行,查询涉及到的字段上若存在索引,则该索引将被列出,但不一定被查询使用

 

key

显示MySQL在查询中实际使用的索引,若没有使用索引,显示为NULL

TIPS:查询中若使用了覆盖索引,则该索引仅出现在key列表中

 

key_len

表示索引中使用的字节数,可通过该列计算查询中使用的索引的长度

 

key_len显示的值为索引字段的最大可能长度,并非实际使用长度,即key_len是根据表定义计算而得,不是通过表内检索出的

 

ref

表示上述表的连接匹配条件,即哪些列或常量被用于查找索引列上的值

 

本例中,由key_len可知t1表的idx_col1_col2被充分使用,col1匹配t2表的col1,col2匹配了一个常量,即 ’ac’

 

 

rows

表示MySQL根据表统计信息及索引选用情况,估算的找到所需的记录所需要读取的行数

 

 

Extra

包含不适合在其他列中显示但十分重要的额外信息

 

a.Using index

 

该值表示相应的select操作中使用了覆盖索引(Covering Index)

 

 

TIPS:覆盖索引(Covering Index)

 

MySQL可以利用索引返回select列表中的字段,而不必根据索引再次读取数据文件

 

包含所有满足查询需要的数据的索引称为 覆盖索引(Covering Index)

 

注意:

如果要使用覆盖索引,一定要注意select列表中只取出需要的列,不可select *,因为如果将所有字段一起做索引会导致索引文件过大,查询性能下降

 

b.Using where

 

表示MySQL服务器在存储引擎受到记录后进行“后过滤”(Post-filter),

如果查询未能使用索引,Using where的作用只是提醒我们MySQL将用where子句来过滤结果集

 

 

c.Using temporary

 

表示MySQL需要使用临时表来存储结果集,常见于排序和分组查询

 

 

d.Using filesort

 

MySQL中无法利用索引完成的排序操作称为“文件排序”

 

 

 

 

 

MySQL执行计划的局限

 

?EXPLAIN不会告诉你关于触发器、存储过程的信息或用户自定义函数对查询的影响情况

?EXPLAIN不考虑各种Cache

?EXPLAIN不能显示MySQL在执行查询时所作的优化工作

?部分统计信息是估算的,并非精确值

?EXPALIN只能解释SELECT操作,其他操作要重写为SELECT后查看执行计划

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