<转>MySQL中进展树状所有子节点的查询(写函数)
转MySQL中进行树状所有子节点的查询(写函数) 原链接:http://blog.csdn.net/acmain_chm/article/details/4142971 在Oracle 中我们知道有一个 Hierarchical Queries 通过CONNECT BY 我们可以方便的查了所有当前节点下的所有子节点。但很遗憾,在MySQL的目前版
MySQL中进行树状所有子节点的查询(写函数)原链接:http://blog.csdn.net/acmain_chm/article/details/4142971
在Oracle 中我们知道有一个 Hierarchical Queries 通过CONNECT BY 我们可以方便的查了所有当前节点下的所有子节点。但很遗憾,在MySQL的目前版本中还没有对应的功能。
在MySQL中如果是有限的层次,比如我们事先如果可以确定这个树的最大深度是4, 那么所有节点为根的树的深度均不会超过4,则我们可以直接通过left join 来实现。
但很多时候我们无法控制树的深度。这时就需要在MySQL中用存储过程来实现或在你的程序中来实现这个递归。本文讨论一下几种实现的方法。
样例数据:
mysql> create table treeNodes -> ( -> id int primary key, -> nodename varchar(20), -> pid int -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) mysql> select * from treenodes; +----+----------+------+ | id | nodename | pid | +----+----------+------+ | 1 | A | 0 | | 2 | B | 1 | | 3 | C | 1 | | 4 | D | 2 | | 5 | E | 2 | | 6 | F | 3 | | 7 | G | 6 | | 8 | H | 0 | | 9 | I | 8 | | 10 | J | 8 | | 11 | K | 8 | | 12 | L | 9 | | 13 | M | 9 | | 14 | N | 12 | | 15 | O | 12 | | 16 | P | 15 | | 17 | Q | 15 | +----+----------+------+ 17 rows in set (0.00 sec)
树形图如下
1:A +-- 2:B | +-- 4:D | +-- 5:E +-- 3:C +-- 6:F +-- 7:G 8:H +-- 9:I | +-- 12:L | | +--14:N | | +--15:O | | +--16:P | | +--17:Q | +-- 13:M +-- 10:J +-- 11:K
方法一:利用函数来得到所有子节点号。
创建一个function getChildLst, 得到一个由所有子节点号组成的字符串.
mysql> delimiter // mysql> mysql> CREATE FUNCTION `getChildLst`(rootId INT) -> RETURNS varchar(1000) -> BEGIN -> DECLARE sTemp VARCHAR(1000); -> DECLARE sTempChd VARCHAR(1000); -> -> SET sTemp = '$'; -> SET sTempChd =cast(rootId as CHAR); -> -> WHILE sTempChd is not null DO -> SET sTemp = concat(sTemp,',',sTempChd); -> SELECT group_concat(id) INTO sTempChd FROM treeNodes where FIND_IN_SET(pid,sTempChd)>0; -> END WHILE; -> RETURN sTemp; -> END -> // Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> delimiter ;
使用我们直接利用find_in_set函数配合这个getChildlst来查找
mysql> select getChildLst(1); +-----------------+ | getChildLst(1) | +-----------------+ | $,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from treeNodes -> where FIND_IN_SET(id, getChildLst(1)); +----+----------+------+ | id | nodename | pid | +----+----------+------+ | 1 | A | 0 | | 2 | B | 1 | | 3 | C | 1 | | 4 | D | 2 | | 5 | E | 2 | | 6 | F | 3 | | 7 | G | 6 | +----+----------+------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from treeNodes -> where FIND_IN_SET(id, getChildLst(3)); +----+----------+------+ | id | nodename | pid | +----+----------+------+ | 3 | C | 1 | | 6 | F | 3 | | 7 | G | 6 | +----+----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
优点: 简单,方便,没有递归调用层次深度的限制 (max_sp_recursion_depth,最大255) ;
缺点:长度受限,虽然可以扩大 RETURNS varchar(1000),但总是有最大限制的。
MySQL目前版本( 5.1.33-community)中还不支持function 的递归调用。
方法二:利用临时表和过程递归
创建存储过程如下。createChildLst 为递归过程,showChildLst为调用入口过程,准备临时表及初始化。
mysql> delimiter // mysql> mysql> # 入口过程 mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE showChildLst (IN rootId INT) -> BEGIN -> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tmpLst -> (sno int primary key auto_increment,id int,depth int); -> DELETE FROM tmpLst; -> -> CALL createChildLst(rootId,0); -> -> select tmpLst.*,treeNodes.* from tmpLst,treeNodes where tmpLst.id=treeNodes.id order by tmpLst.sno; -> END; -> // Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> # 递归过程 mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE createChildLst (IN rootId INT,IN nDepth INT) -> BEGIN -> DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0; -> DECLARE b INT; -> DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT id FROM treeNodes where pid=rootId; -> DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1; -> -> insert into tmpLst values (null,rootId,nDepth); -> -> OPEN cur1; -> -> FETCH cur1 INTO b; -> WHILE done=0 DO -> CALL createChildLst(b,nDepth+1); -> FETCH cur1 INTO b; -> END WHILE; -> -> CLOSE cur1; -> END; -> // Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> delimiter ;
调用时传入结点
mysql> call showChildLst(1); +-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+ | sno | id | depth | id | nodename | pid | +-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+ | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | A | 0 | | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | B | 1 | | 6 | 4 | 2 | 4 | D | 2 | | 7 | 5 | 2 | 5 | E | 2 | | 8 | 3 | 1 | 3 | C | 1 | | 9 | 6 | 2 | 6 | F | 3 | | 10 | 7 | 3 | 7 | G | 6 | +-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+ 7 rows in set (0.13 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.14 sec) mysql> mysql> call showChildLst(3); +-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+ | sno | id | depth | id | nodename | pid | +-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+ | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | C | 1 | | 2 | 6 | 1 | 6 | F | 3 | | 3 | 7 | 2 | 7 | G | 6 | +-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.11 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.11 sec)
depth 为深度,这样可以在程序进行一些显示上的格式化处理。类似于oracle中的 level 伪列。sno 仅供排序控制。这样你还可以通过临时表tmpLst与数据库中其它表进行联接查询。
MySQL中你可以利用系统参数 max_sp_recursion_depth 来控制递归调用的层数上限。如下例设为12.
mysql> set max_sp_recursion_depth=12; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
优点 : 可以更灵活处理,及层数的显示。并且可以按照树的遍历顺序得到结果。
缺点 : 递归有255的限制。
方法三:利用中间表和过程
(本方法由yongyupost2000提供样子改编)
创建存储过程如下。由于MySQL中不允许在同一语句中对临时表多次引用,只以使用普通表tmpLst来实现了。当然你的程序中负责在用完后清除这个表。
delimiter // drop PROCEDURE IF EXISTS showTreeNodes_yongyupost2000// CREATE PROCEDURE showTreeNodes_yongyupost2000 (IN rootid INT) BEGIN DECLARE Level int ; drop TABLE IF EXISTS tmpLst; CREATE TABLE tmpLst ( id int, nLevel int, sCort varchar(8000) ); Set Level=0 ; INSERT into tmpLst SELECT id,Level,ID FROM treeNodes WHERE PID=rootid; WHILE ROW_COUNT()>0 DO SET Level=Level+1 ; INSERT into tmpLst SELECT A.ID,Level,concat(B.sCort,A.ID) FROM treeNodes A,tmpLst B WHERE A.PID=B.ID AND B.nLevel=Level-1 ; END WHILE; END; // delimiter ; CALL showTreeNodes_yongyupost2000(0);
执行完后会产生一个tmpLst表,nLevel 为节点深度,sCort 为排序字段。
使用方法
SELECT concat(SPACE(B.nLevel*2),'+--',A.nodename) FROM treeNodes A,tmpLst B WHERE A.ID=B.ID ORDER BY B.sCort; +--------------------------------------------+ | concat(SPACE(B.nLevel*2),'+--',A.nodename) | +--------------------------------------------+ | +--A | | +--B | | +--D | | +--E | | +--C | | +--F | | +--G | | +--H | | +--J | | +--K | | +--I | | +--L | | +--N | | +--O | | +--P | | +--Q | | +--M | +--------------------------------------------+ 17 rows in set (0.00 sec)
优点 : 层数的显示。并且可以按照树的遍历顺序得到结果。没有递归限制。
缺点 : MySQL中对临时表的限制,只能使用普通表,需做事后清理。
以上是几个在MySQL中用存储过程比较简单的实现方法。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

You can open phpMyAdmin through the following steps: 1. Log in to the website control panel; 2. Find and click the phpMyAdmin icon; 3. Enter MySQL credentials; 4. Click "Login".

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

Apache connects to a database requires the following steps: Install the database driver. Configure the web.xml file to create a connection pool. Create a JDBC data source and specify the connection settings. Use the JDBC API to access the database from Java code, including getting connections, creating statements, binding parameters, executing queries or updates, and processing results.

The process of starting MySQL in Docker consists of the following steps: Pull the MySQL image to create and start the container, set the root user password, and map the port verification connection Create the database and the user grants all permissions to the database

The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

The key to installing MySQL elegantly is to add the official MySQL repository. The specific steps are as follows: Download the MySQL official GPG key to prevent phishing attacks. Add MySQL repository file: rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm Update yum repository cache: yum update installation MySQL: yum install mysql-server startup MySQL service: systemctl start mysqld set up booting
