Home Database Mysql Tutorial mysql中text与varchar与char的区别

mysql中text与varchar与char的区别

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:16 PM
char mysql text varchar the difference

char类型 CHAR列的长度固定为创建表时声明的长度。长度可以为从0到255的任何值。当保存CHAR值时,在它们的右边填充空格以达到指定的长度。当检索到CHAR值时,尾部的空格被删除掉。在存储或检索过程中不进行大小写转换。 varchar类型 VARCHAR列中的值为可变长

   char类型

  CHAR列的长度固定为创建表时声明的长度。长度可以为从0到255的任何值。当保存CHAR值时,在它们的右边填充空格以达到指定的长度。当检索到CHAR值时,尾部的空格被删除掉。在存储或检索过程中不进行大小写转换。

  varchar类型

  VARCHAR列中的值为可变长字符串。长度可以指定为0到65,535之间的值。(VARCHAR的最大有效长度由最大行大小和使用的字符集确定。整体最大长度是65,532字节)。

  text类型

  有4种TEXT类型:TINYTEXT、TEXT、MEDIUMTEXT和LONGTEXT。这些对应4种BLOB类型,有相同的最大长度和存储需求。

  BLOB 列被视为二进制字符串(字节字符串)。TEXT列被视为非二进制字符串(字符字符串)。BLOB列没有字符集,并且排序和比较基于列值字节的数值值。TEXT列有一个字符集,并且根据字符集的 校对规则对值进行排序和比较。

  在TEXT或BLOB列的存储或检索过程中,不存在大小写转换。

  当未运行在严格模式时,如果你为BLOB或TEXT列分配一个超过该列类型的最大长度的值值,值被截取以保证适合。如果截掉的字符不是空格,将会产生一条警告。使用严格SQL模式,会产生错误,并且值将被拒绝而不是截取并给出警告。

  在大多数方面,可以将BLOB列视为能够足够大的VARBINARY列。同样,可以将TEXT列视为VARCHAR列。BLOB和TEXT在以下几个方面不同于VARBINARY和VARCHAR:

  当保存或检索BLOB和TEXT列的值时不删除尾部空格。(这与VARBINARY和VARCHAR列相同)。

  请注意比较时将用空格对TEXT进行扩充以适合比较的对象,正如CHAR和VARCHAR。

  对于BLOB和TEXT列的索引,必须指定索引前缀的长度。对于CHAR和VARCHAR,前缀长度是可选的。

  BLOB和TEXT列不能有 默认值。

  LONG和LONG VARCHAR对应MEDIUMTEXT数据类型。这是为了保证兼容性。如果TEXT列类型使用BINARY属性,,将为列分配列字符集的二元 校对规则。

  MySQL连接程序/ODBC将BLOB值定义为LONGVARBINARY,将TEXT值定义为LONGVARCHAR。

  由于BLOB和TEXT值可能会非常长,使用它们时可能遇到一些约束:

  当排序时只使用该列的前max_sort_length个字节。

  max_sort_length的 默认值是1024;该值可以在启动mysqld服务器时使用--max_sort_length选项进行更改。参见5.3.3节,“服务器系统变量”。

  运行时增加max_sort_length的值可以在排序或组合时使更多的字节有意义。任何客户端可以更改其会话max_sort_length变量的值:

  mysql> SET max_sort_length = 2000;mysql> SELECT id, comment FROM tbl_name -> ORDER BY comment;

  当你想要使超过max_sort_length的字节有意义,对含长值的BLOB或TEXT列使用GROUP BY或ORDER BY的另一种方式是将列值转换为固定长度的对象。标准方法是使用SUBSTRING函数。例如,下面的语句对comment列的2000个字节进行排序:

  mysql> SELECT id, SUBSTRING(comment,1,2000) FROM tbl_name -> ORDER BY SUBSTRING(comment,1,2000);·

  BLOB或TEXT对象的最大大小由其类型确定,但在客户端和服务器之间实际可以传递的最大值由可用内存数量和通信缓存区大小确定。你可以通过更改max_allowed_packet变量的值更改消息缓存区的大小,但必须同时修改服务器和客户端程序。例如,可以使用 mysql和mysqldump来更改客户端的max_allowed_packet值。参见7.5.2节,“调节服务器参数”、8.3节,“mysql:MySQL命令行工具”和8.8节,“mysqldump:数据库备份程序”。

  每个BLOB或TEXT值分别由内部分配的对象表示。这与其它列类型形成对比,后者是当打开表时为每1列分配存储引擎。

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