Home Database Mysql Tutorial 正确理解Mysql中的列索引和多列索引

正确理解Mysql中的列索引和多列索引

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:17 PM
mysql multiple columns index

Mysql数据库提供两种类型的索引,如果没正确设置,索引的利用效率会大打折扣却完全不知问题出在这。 复制代码 代码如下: CREATE TABLE test ( idINT NOT NULL, last_name CHAR(30) NOT NULL, first_name CHAR(30) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id), INDEX name (l

Mysql数据库提供两种类型的索引,如果没正确设置,索引的利用效率会大打折扣却完全不知问题出在这。

复制代码 代码如下:


CREATE TABLE test (
id INT NOT NULL,
last_name CHAR(30) NOT NULL,
first_name CHAR(30) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id),
INDEX name (last_name,first_name)
);


以上创建的其实是一个多列索引,创建列索引的代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:


CREATE TABLE test (
id INT NOT NULL,
last_name CHAR(30) NOT NULL,
first_name CHAR(30) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id),
INDEX name (last_name),
INDEX_2 name (first_name)
);


一个多列索引可以认为是包含通过合并(concatenate)索引列值创建的值的一个排序数组。 当查询语句的条件中包含last_name 和 first_name时,例如:

复制代码 代码如下:


SELECT * FROM test WHERE last_name='Kun' AND first_name='Li';


sql 会先过滤出last_name符合条件的记录,在其基础上在过滤first_name符合条件的记录。那如果我们分别在last_name和 first_name上创建两个列索引,mysql的处理方式就不一样了,它会选择一个最严格的索引来进行检索,可以理解为检索能力最强的那个索引来检 索,另外一个利用不上了,这样效果就不如多列索引了。

但是多列索引的利用也是需要条件的,以下形式的查询语句能够利用上多列索引:

复制代码 代码如下:


SELECT * FROM test WHERE last_name='Widenius';
SELECT * FROM test WHERE last_name='Widenius' AND first_name='Michael';
SELECT * FROM test WHERE last_name='Widenius' AND (first_name='Michael' OR first_name='Monty');
SELECT * FROM test WHERE last_name='Widenius' AND first_name >='M' AND first_name


以下形式的查询语句利用不上多列索引:

复制代码 代码如下:


SELECT * FROM test WHERE first_name='Michael';
SELECT * FROM test WHERE last_name='Widenius' OR first_name='Michael';


多列建索引比对每个列分别建索引更有优势,因为索引建立得越多就越占磁盘空间,在更新数据的时候速度会更慢。
另外建立多列索引时,顺序也是需要注意的,应该将严格的索引放在前面,这样筛选的力度会更大,,效率更高。

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