循序渐进讲解MySQL数据库性能调整
INSERT查询的速度: 插入一个记录的时间由下列组成: 连接:(3) 发送查询给服务器:(2) 分析查询:(2) 插入记录:(1 x 记录大小) 插入索引:(1 x 索引) 关闭:(1) 这里的数字有点与总体时间成正比。这不考虑打开表的初始开销(它为每个并发运行的查询做一次)。
INSERT查询的速度:
插入一个记录的时间由下列组成:
连接:(3)
发送查询给服务器:(2)
分析查询:(2)
插入记录:(1 x 记录大小)
插入索引:(1 x 索引)
关闭:(1)
这里的数字有点与总体时间成正比。这不考虑打开表的初始开销(它为每个并发运行的查询做一次)。
表的大小以N log N (B 树)的速度减慢索引的插入。
加快插入的一些方法:
如果你同时从同一客户插入很多行,使用多个值表的INSERT语句。这比使用分开INSERT语句快(在一些情况中几倍)。
如果你从不同客户插入很多行,你能通过使用INSERT DELAYED语句得到更高的速度。
注意,用MyISAM,如果在表中没有删除的行,能在SELECT:s正在运行的同时插入行。
当从一个文本文件装载一个表时,使用LOAD DATA INFILE。这通常比使用很多INSERT语句快20倍。当表有很多索引时,有可能多做些工作使得LOAD DATA INFILE更快些。使用下列过程:
有选择地用CREATE TABLE创建表。例如使用mysql或Perl-DBI。
执行FLUSH TABLES,或外壳命令mysqladmin flush-tables。
使用myisamchk --keys-used=0 -rq /path/to/db/tbl_name。这将从表中删除所有索引的使用。
用LOAD DATA INFILE把数据插入到表中,这将不更新任何索引,因此很快。
如果你有myisampack并且想要压缩表,在它上面运行myisampack.
用myisamchk -r -q /path/to/db/tbl_name再创建索引。这将在将它写入磁盘前在内存中创建索引树,并且它更快,,因为避免大量磁盘寻道。结果索引树也被完美地平衡。
执行FLUSH TABLES,或外壳命令mysqladmin flush-tables。
这个过程将被构造进在MySQL的某个未来版本的LOAD DATA INFILE。
你可以锁定你的表以加速插入。
mysql> LOCK TABLES a WRITE;mysql> INSERT INTO a VALUES (1,23),(2,34),(4,33);mysql> INSERT INTO a VALUES (8,26),(6,29);mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;主要的速度差别是索引缓冲区仅被清洗到磁盘上一次,在所有INSERT语句完成后。一般有与有不同的INSERT语句那样夺的索引缓冲区清洗。如果你能用一个单个语句插入所有的行,锁定就不需要。锁定也将降低多连接测试的整体时间,但是对某些线程最大等待时间将上升(因为他们等待锁)。例如:
thread 1 does 1000 insertsthread 2, 3, and 4 does 1 insert
thread 5 does 1000 inserts如果你不使用锁定,2、3和4将在1和5前完成。如果你使用锁定,2、3和4将可能不在1或5前完成,但是整体时间应该快大约40%。因为INSERT, UPDATE和DELETE操作在MySQL中是很快的,通过为多于大约5次连续不断地插入或更新一行的东西加锁,你将获得更好的整体性能。如果你做很多一行的插入,你可以做一个LOCK TABLES,偶尔随后做一个UNLOCK TABLES(大约每1000行)以允许另外的线程存取表。这仍然将导致获得好的性能。当然,LOAD DATA INFILE对装载数据仍然是更快的。

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