Home Database Mysql Tutorial SQL Server备份出错及应对措施

SQL Server备份出错及应对措施

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:18 PM
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关于数据库的备份恢复原理,大家多少都比较熟悉了。但是,你目前做的数据库备份有多可靠?你可以安心睡觉了吗?如果答案是肯定的,那就不用多花时间看下文了,如果觉得还不够安心,总担心数据库哪一天坏了修不好,那么请接着看: 1、我有RAID,还需要做数据库

  关于数据库的备份恢复原理,大家多少都比较熟悉了。但是,你目前做的数据库备份有多可靠?你可以安心睡觉了吗?如果答案是肯定的,那就不用多花时间看下文了,如果觉得还不够安心,总担心数据库哪一天坏了修不好,那么请接着看:

  1、我有RAID,还需要做数据库备份吗?需要。有了RAID,万一部份磁盘损坏,可以修复数据库,有的情况下数据库甚至可以继续使用。但是,如果哪一天,你的同事不小心删除了一条重要的记录,怎么办?RAID是无能为力的。你需要合适的备份策略,把那条被误删的数据恢复出来。所以有了RAID,仍需要做备份集群,磁盘镜像同理。

  2、如果你只做全备份,那么受限于全备份的大小和备份时间,不可能常做。而且只有全备份,不能将数据库恢复至某个时间点。所以,我们需要全备份+日志备份。比如每天一个全备份,每隔1小时或若干分钟一个日志备份。说到差异备份,因为微软的差异备份记录的是上一次全备份以来发生的变化,所以,如果数据库的改动很频繁的话,没过多久,差异备份就会和全备份的大小接近,因此这种情况下就不合适了。因此,全备份+日志备份的方案适合绝大多数的用户。

  3、如果你仅在数据库本地做备份,万一磁盘损坏,或者整个服务器硬件损坏,备份也就没了,就没法恢复数据库。因此,你需要把备份文件传送至另一个物理硬件上。大多数用户不用磁带机,因此不考虑。一般,我们需要另一台廉价的服务器或者PC来存放数据库的备份,,来防止硬件损坏造成的备份丢失。

  4、你可以在数据库服务器本地做完备份,然后使用某些方式将备份文件传送至备机。你是在备份完成后就马上穿送的吗?其实可以考虑将传送备份的脚本用T-SQL语句来写。

  5、备份文件传送至备机后,就可以高枕无忧了吗?不。作为DBA的你还需要检查备机上的备份文件是否能将数据库恢复至最新,如果采用日志备份,会不会因为丢失某一个日志备份文件而导致数据库不能恢复至最新?如何检查日志备份文件之间存在断档?

  6、为了将数据库尽可能的恢复到最新,你可能会每隔10分钟(甚至1分钟)执行一次日志备份,那么万一数据库坏了,在恢复的时候,手动恢复成百上千个日志文件,是不是不太现实?

  7、如果你所在公司有很多的数据库服务器(就像我所在的公司),而且磁盘空间有限,那么你不得不经常登录服务器来删除旧的备份文件,如果哪天忘了,或者五一十一长假,磁盘空间用完了,就麻烦了。

  8、数据库在备份的时候,并不会检查数据页面的完整性,如果数据页坏了,备份作业仍会执行,而且不会报错,等到你发现数据页有错误的时候,你也很可能已经因为磁盘空间不足,而删除了早期的备份,而此时剩下的那些备份可能都是包含损坏的数据页,如果损坏的数据页是某个表的表头的话,那这个表你就再也没办法恢复了。

  9、所以你需要定期执行DBCC检查,来尽早发现数据库页面的完整性。在未作完DBCC检查之前,你不能删除旧的备份,以防止新的备份存在问题。所以,删除备份文件的工作变的有些麻烦。

  10、你可能知道SQL Server提供了数据库维护计划。没错,使用它可以定期做备份,执行DBCC检查,但这一切仅限于本机操作。为了使数据库可靠,你还是需要自己把本地备份传送至备机。

  综上,你的备份做好了吗?检查了吗?删除旧的备份是不是花去你很多时间,特别是在网络条件不好的时候?如果数据库备份文件的传送在某一时刻停止了,你多久才能发现?公司值晚班的同事有权限检查数据库的备份情况吗?

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