Home Database Mysql Tutorial Oracle数据库的启动与关闭方法

Oracle数据库的启动与关闭方法

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:19 PM
oracle closure start up database method

这篇文章主要介绍了Oracle数据库的启动与关闭方法,需要的朋友可以参考下 一、启动数据 $sqlplus sys/pass as sysdba sqlstartup 二、启动监听器 数据库启动后,如果未启动监听进程,则客户端无法与数据库连接。监听进程的启动方法为: $lsnrctl start 在wid

这篇文章主要介绍了Oracle数据库的启动与关闭方法,,需要的朋友可以参考下

 

一、启动数据

$sqlplus "sys/pass as sysdba"
sql>startup

二、启动监听器

  数据库启动后,如果未启动监听进程,则客户端无法与数据库连接。监听进程的启动方法为:
$lsnrctl start
在widnows中,可以从服务列表中启动监听器。
监听里程配置文件为listener.ora,位于目录/home/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db1/network/admin/。
此配置文件分为两部分,一部分为监听程序本身的配置,包括协议,地址,端口号等;另一部分为监听程序所连接的数据库的实例信息,包括:实例名,全局数据库名,oracle主目录等。监听器可以利用oracle net config 向导来配置。
要显示监听器的运行状态:$lsnrctl status;
要停止监听器:$lsnrctl stop。

三、数据库的启动过程

分为三个阶段:
1. 启动实例,包括以下操作:
1) 读取参数文件
2) 分配SGA
3) 启动后台进程
2.装载数据库
装载数据库是将数据库与已启动的实例相联系。数据库装载后,数据库保持关闭状态。
3.打开数据库
此步骤使用数据库可以进行正常的操作的处理。主要是打开控制文件,数据库文件和日志文件。

四、数据库启动参数

1.NOMOUNT:只启动实例,不装载数据库
sql>startup nomount
2.MOUNT:启动实例,并装载数据,但不打开数据库
sql>startup mount
3.READ ONLY:将数据库置为只读
sql>startup mount
sql>alter database open read only
4.READ WRITE:以可读写方式打开数据,这是默认方式
sql>startup mount
sql>alter database open read write
5.OPEN:打开数据库,这是默认方式
sql>startup mount
sql>alter database open;
6.RESTRICT:以受限方式打开,只有具有RESTRICTED SESSION权限的用户才可以连接数据库
sql>startup restrict
7.PFILE:启时指定参数文件
sql>startup pfile=/u02/user/mypfile.ora
8.FORCE:以强制方式启动数据库
sql>startup pfile=/u02/user/mypfile.ora open restrict force

五、数据库的关闭

  与启动过程相对应,关闭包括三个过程
1).关闭数据库
2).卸载数据库
3).关闭数据库实例


1.NORMAL关闭方式
NORMAL关闭方式是正常关闭方式,是默认关闭方式。在这种关机方式下,数据库服务器必须等待所有客户端从Oracle中正常退出时,才可以关闭数据库。
SQL>SHUTDOWN NORMAL
2.IMMEDIATE关闭方式
使用这种方式关闭数据库时,系统将连接到数据库的所有用户尚未提交的事务全部回退,中断连接,然后关闭数据库。
SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
3.ABORT关闭方式
ABORT关闭方式为异常方式,使用这种方式关闭数据库时,系统立即将数据库实例关闭,对事务膛数据完整性不作检查。是最快的关机方式。
sql>shutdown abort;
4.TRANSACTIONAL关闭方式
在这种关机方式中,数据库必须等待所有的客户运行的事务结束,提交或回退。
sql>shutdown transactional

5. sql> startup force 强制启动

6、oracle关闭archivelog
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> alter database noarchivelog; (archivelog) 关闭开启
SQL> alter database open;
 或者改变:pfile/spfile中的参数:
log_archive_start = true 重启数据库或执行:archive log start使数据库启用自动归档,但是重启后数据库仍然处于手工归档模式。

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