SQLSERVER中LEAD和LAG函数
SQL SERVER中LEAD和LAG函数 LEAD和LAG函数 LEAD 访问相同结果集的后续行中的数据,而不使用 SQL Server 2012 中的自联接。 LEAD 以当前行之后的给定物理偏移量来提供对行的访问。 在 SELECT 语句中使用此分析函数可将当前行中的值与后续行中的值进行比较。
SQL SERVER中LEAD和LAG函数
LEAD和LAG函数
LEAD
访问相同结果集的后续行中的数据,而不使用 SQL Server 2012 中的自联接。 LEAD 以当前行之后的给定物理偏移量来提供对行的访问。 在 SELECT 语句中使用此分析函数可将当前行中的值与后续行中的值进行比较。
语法:LEAD ( scalar_expression [ ,offset ] , [ default ] ) OVER ( [ partition_by_clause ] order_by_clause )
scalar_expression,要返回的值基于指定的偏移量。 这是一个返回单个(标量)值的任何类型的表达式。scalar_expression 不能为分析函数
offset默认值为1, offset 可以是列、子查询或其他求值为正整数的表达式,或者可隐式转换为bigint。offset 不能是负数值或分析函数。
default默认值为NULL, offset 可以是列、子查询或其他求值为正整数的表达式,或者可隐式转换为bigint。offset不能是负数值或分析函数。
LAG
访问相同结果集的先前行中的数据,而不使用 SQL Server 2012 中的自联接。 LAG 以当前行之前的给定物理偏移量来提供对行的访问。 在 SELECT 语句中使用此分析函数可将当前行中的值与先前行中的值进行比较。
下面看一组SQL语句:
WITH test
as
(
select NULL as score
UNION ALL
select 10
UNION ALL
select 20
UNION ALL
select 30
UNION ALL
select 40
UNION ALL
select 50
)
select ROW_NUMBER() over(order by score) as rownum
,score
,LEAD(score) over(order by score) as nextscore1
,LEAD(score,1) over(order by score) as nextscore2
,LEAD(score,1,0) over(order by score) as nextscore3
,LEAD(score,2) over(order by score) as nextscore4
,LAG(score) over(order by score) as previousscore1
,LAG(score,1) over(order by score) as previousscore2
,LAG(score,1,0) over(order by score) as previousscore3
,LAG(score,2) over(order by score) as previousscore4
from test
结果前半部分:
rownum score nextscore1 nextscore2 nextscore3 nextscore4
1 NULL 10 10 10 20
2 10 20 20 20 30
3 20 30 30 30 40
4 30 40 40 40 50
5 40 50 50 50 NULL
6 50 NULL NULL 0 NULL
LEAD(score)over(order by score)与LEAD(score,1)over(order by score)相同,基于SCORE升序取下一个score。
LEAD(score,Y)over(order by score)公式:按score升序排列第X行计算LEAD(score,Y)over(order by score)为第X+Y行的值。
对第X行求LEAD(score)over(order by score),值为第X+1行的值。见列nextscore1和nextscore2。
对第X行求LEAD(score,2)over(order by score),值为第X+2行的值。见列nextscore4。
对于第6行,由于没有第7行数据,所以LEAD求出的值为NULL。如果指定默认值,则返回指定默认值。,,如LEAD(score,1,0)最后一行返回0。见netsocre3列。
结果后半部分:
rownum score previousscore1 previousscore2 previousscore3 previousscore4
1 NULL NULL NULL 0 NULL
2 10 NULL NULL NULL NULL
3 20 10 10 10 NULL
4 30 20 20 20 10
5 40 30 30 30 20
6 50 40 40 40 30
跟LEAD非常相似,只是LAG是往前求值。

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