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SQL SERVER2000 的一些技巧

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Release: 2016-06-07 16:20:28
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1.SQL Server 2000中查询表名 经常碰到一些忘记表名称的情况,此时只记得个大概,此时可通过查询系统表Sysobjects找到所要的表名,如要查找包含用户的表名,可通过以下SQL语句实现, Select * From sysobjects Where name like '%user%' 2.如果知道列名,想

   1.SQL Server 2000中查询表名

  经常碰到一些忘记表名称的情况,此时只记得个大概,此时可通过查询系统表Sysobjects找到所要的表名,如要查找包含用户的表名,可通过以下SQL语句实现,

  Select *

  From sysobjects

  Where name like '%user%'

  2.如果知道列名,想查找包含有该列的表名,可加上系统表syscolumns来实现,如想查找列名中包含有user的所有表名,可通过以下SQL语句来实现

  Select *

  From sysobjects s

  Where Exists(

  Select *

  From syscolumns

  Where ID = s.ID and name like '%user%'

  )

  3 .SQL SERVER

  查看所有表名:

  select name from sysobjects where type='U'

  查询表的所有字段名:

  Select name from syscolumns Where ID=OBJECT_ID('表名')

  select * from information_schema.tables

  select * from information_schema.views

  select * from information_schema.columns

  4.ACCESS

  查看所有表名:

  select name from MSysObjects where type=1 and flags=0

  MSysObjects是系统对象,默认情况是隐藏的。通过工具、选项、视图、显示、系统对象可以使之显示出来。

  1.获取表的基本字段属性

  --获取SqlServer中表结构

  SELECT syscolumns.name,systypes.name,syscolumns.isnullable,

  syscolumns.length

  FROM syscolumns, systypes

  WHERE syscolumns.xusertype = systypes.xusertype

  AND syscolumns.id = object_id('你的表名')

  2.获取字段的描述信息

  --获取SqlServer中表结构 主键,及描述

  declare @table_name as varchar(max)

  set @table_name = '你的表名'

  select sys.columns.name, sys.types.name, sys.columns.max_length, sys.columns.is_nullable,

  (select count(*) from sys.identity_columns where sys.identity_columns.object_id = sys.columns.object_id and sys.columns.column_id = sys.identity_columns.column_id) as is_identity ,

  (select value from sys.extended_properties where sys.extended_properties.major_id = sys.columns.object_id and sys.extended_properties.minor_id = sys.columns.column_id) as description

  from sys.columns, sys.tables, sys.types where sys.columns.object_id = sys.tables.object_id and sys.columns.system_type_id=sys.types.system_type_id and sys.tables.name=@table_name order by sys.columns.column_id

  3.单独查询表的递增字段

  --单独查询表递增字段

  select [name] from syscolumns where

  id=object_id(N'你的表名') and COLUMNPROPERTY(id,name,'IsIdentity')=1

  4.获取表的主外键

  --获取表主外键约束

  exec sp_helpconstraint '你的表名' ;

  5.相当完整的表结构查询

  --很全面的表结构

  exec sp_helpconstraint '你的表名' ;

  SELECT 表名 = CASE a.colorder WHEN 1 THEN c.name ELSE '' END,

  序 = a.colorder,

  字段名= a.name,

  标识 = CASE COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity') WHEN 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END,

  主键 = CASE

  WHEN EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype='PK'

  AND name IN (SELECT [name] FROM sysindexes WHERE id=a.id

  AND indid IN (SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id=a.id

  AND colid IN (SELECT colid FROM syscolumns WHERE id=a.id

  AND name=a.name)))) THEN '√' ELSE '' END,

  类型= b.name,

  字节数= a.length,

  长度 = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Precision'),

  小数 = CASE ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0) WHEN 0 THEN '' ELSE CAST(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale') AS VARCHAR) END,

  允许空= CASE a.isnullable WHEN 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END,

  默认值= ISNULL(d.[text],''),

  说明 = ISNULL(e.[value],'')

  FROM syscolumns a

  LEFT JOIN systypes b ON a.xtype=b.xusertype

  INNER JOIN sysobjects c ON a.id=c.id AND c.xtype='U' AND c.name'dtproperties'

  LEFT JOIN syscomments d ON a.cdefault=d.id

  LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties e ON a.id=e.class AND a.colid=e.minor_id

  ORDER BY c.name, a.colorder

  6.获取所有的库名

  --获取服务器中的所有库名

  select * from mastersysdatabases

  7.获取服务器上所有库的所有表

  --获取服务器上所有库的所有表名

  use master

  declare @db_name varchar(100)

  declare @sql varchar(200)

  declare cur_tables cursor

  for

  select name from sysdatabases /*where name like 'by_%'*/

  open cur_tables

  fetch next from cur_tables into @db_name

  while @@fetch_status = 0

  begin

  --set @db_name = @db_name + '.dbo.sysobjects'

  print @db_name

  set @sql = 'select * from ' + @db_name + '.dbo.sysobjects where xtype =''U'''

  exec (@sql)

  fetch next from cur_tables into @db_name

  end

  close cur_tables

  deallocate cur_tables

  go

  1.按姓氏笔画排序:

  Select * From TableName Order By CustomerName Collate Chinese_PRC_Stroke_ci_as

  2.分页SQL语句

  select * from(select (row_number() OVER (ORDER BY tab.ID Desc)) as rownum,tab.* from 表名 As tab) As t where rownum between 起始位置 And 结束位置

  3.获取当前数据库中的所有用户表

  select * from sysobjects where xtype='U' and category=0

  4.获取某一个表的所有字段

  select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('表名')

  5.查看与某一个表相关的视图、存储过程、函数

  select a.* from sysobjects a, syscomments b where a.id = b.id and b.text like '%表名%'

  6.查看当前数据库中所有存储过程

  select name as 存储过程名称 from sysobjects where xtype='P'

  7.查询用户创建的所有数据库

  select * from mastersysdatabases D where sid not in(select sid from mastersyslogins where)

  或者

  select dbid, name AS DB_NAME from mastersysdatabases where sid 0x01

  8.查询某一个表的字段和数据类型

  select column_name,data_type from information_schema.columns

  where table_name = '表名'

  9.使用事务

  在使用一些对数据库表的临时的SQL语句操作时,可以采用SQL SERVER事务处理,防止对数据操作后发现误操作问题

  开始事务

  Begin tran

  Insert Into TableName Values(…)

  SQL语句操作不正常,则回滚事务。

  回滚事务

  Rollback tran

  SQL语句操作正常,则提交事务,数据提交至数据库。

  提交事务

  Commit tran

  10. 按全文匹配方式查询

  字段名 LIKE N'%[^a-zA-Z0-9]China[^a-zA-Z0-9]%'

  OR 字段名 LIKE N'%[^a-zA-Z0-9]China'

  OR 字段名 LIKE N'China[^a-zA-Z0-9]%'

  OR 字段名 LIKE N'China

  11.计算执行SQL语句查询时间

  declare @d datetime

  set @d=getdate()

  select * from SYS_ColumnProperties select [语句执行花费时间(毫秒)]=datediff(ms,@d,getdate())

  12、说明:几个高级查询运算词

  A: UNION 运算符

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