SQLServer中的通配符和转义字符
通配符 SQL中的通配符用来代替一个或者多个字符。 SQL通配符与LIKE运算符一起使用。 SQL Server中常用的通配符 % 匹配任意长度的(长度可以为0)字符 如m%n匹配字符m和n之间有任意个字符的字符串,匹配的示例有man,min,mon,moon,... _ 匹配任意单个字符 如
通配符
SQL中的通配符用来代替一个或者多个字符。
SQL通配符与LIKE运算符一起使用。
SQL Server中常用的通配符
%
匹配任意长度的(长度可以为0)字符
如’m%n’匹配字符m和n之间有任意个字符的字符串,匹配的示例有man,min,mon,moon,...
_
匹配任意单个字符
如’m_n’匹配字符m和n之间含有任意一个字符的字符串,匹配的示例有man,min,mon,...
[字符集合]
匹配字符集合中的任何一个字符
如’[mz]’匹配字符m或者z,’[m-z]’匹配介于m与z之间的任意单个字符。
[^]
匹配不在括号中的任意单个字符
如’[^mz]’匹配任何不为m或者z的单个字符。
转义字符
使用转义字符,可以告诉DBMS,查询中的通配符不再是通配符,而是字符的实际值。
如使用转义字符对“%”进行转义后,“%”就表示百分号本身了。
使用ESCAPE 定义转义字符
看下面的示例:
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CREATE TABLE tb_TestTable(
id int NOT NULL IDENTITY,
name NVARCHAR(64),
PRIMARY KEY(id));
INSERT INTO tb_TestTable(name) VALUES('tiana');
INSERT INTO tb_TestTable(name) VALUES('tiana5');
INSERT INTO tb_TestTable(name) VALUES('tiana5%');
SELECT name FROM tb_TestTable WHERE name LIKE '%/%' ESCAPE 'http://www.3lian.com/'
例子中先定义表tb_TestTable,再向其中插入3条数据,最后对表进行查询操作。
查询中的 LIKE '%/%' ESCAPE 'http://www.3lian.com/' 子句中,'http://www.3lian.com/'被定义为转义字符,这将告诉DBMS:字符串'%/%'中的第二个百分号为实际值,而不是通配符。当然这里的第一个百分号仍然为通配符。所以,这里查询的结果应该是:'tiana5%'。
在SQL SERVER中,若不使用ESCAPE子句定义转义字符的话,,还可以使用’[%]’的形式告诉DNMS:这里的%不再是通配符而是百分号本身。
所以上面的查询也可以写成:
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SELECT name FROM tb_TestTable WHERE name LIKE '%[%]'
上面的介绍同样适用于其他通配符,对单引号,双引号同样适用。

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