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SQLServer中的通配符和转义字符

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:20 PM
sqlserver character escape Wildcard

通配符 SQL中的通配符用来代替一个或者多个字符。 SQL通配符与LIKE运算符一起使用。 SQL Server中常用的通配符 % 匹配任意长度的(长度可以为0)字符 如m%n匹配字符m和n之间有任意个字符的字符串,匹配的示例有man,min,mon,moon,... _ 匹配任意单个字符 如

   通配符

  SQL中的通配符用来代替一个或者多个字符。

  SQL通配符与LIKE运算符一起使用。

  SQL Server中常用的通配符

  %

  匹配任意长度的(长度可以为0)字符

  如’m%n’匹配字符m和n之间有任意个字符的字符串,匹配的示例有man,min,mon,moon,...

  _

  匹配任意单个字符

  如’m_n’匹配字符m和n之间含有任意一个字符的字符串,匹配的示例有man,min,mon,...

  [字符集合]

  匹配字符集合中的任何一个字符

  如’[mz]’匹配字符m或者z,’[m-z]’匹配介于m与z之间的任意单个字符。

  [^]

  匹配不在括号中的任意单个字符

  如’[^mz]’匹配任何不为m或者z的单个字符。

  转义字符

  使用转义字符,可以告诉DBMS,查询中的通配符不再是通配符,而是字符的实际值。

  如使用转义字符对“%”进行转义后,“%”就表示百分号本身了。

  使用ESCAPE 定义转义字符

  看下面的示例:

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CREATE TABLE  tb_TestTable(

id int NOT NULL IDENTITY,

name NVARCHAR(64),

PRIMARY KEY(id));

INSERT INTO tb_TestTable(name) VALUES('tiana');

INSERT INTO tb_TestTable(name) VALUES('tiana5');

INSERT INTO tb_TestTable(name) VALUES('tiana5%');

SELECT name FROM tb_TestTable WHERE name LIKE '%/%' ESCAPE 'http://www.3lian.com/'

  例子中先定义表tb_TestTable,再向其中插入3条数据,最后对表进行查询操作。

  查询中的 LIKE '%/%' ESCAPE 'http://www.3lian.com/' 子句中,'http://www.3lian.com/'被定义为转义字符,这将告诉DBMS:字符串'%/%'中的第二个百分号为实际值,而不是通配符。当然这里的第一个百分号仍然为通配符。所以,这里查询的结果应该是:'tiana5%'。

  在SQL SERVER中,若不使用ESCAPE子句定义转义字符的话,,还可以使用’[%]’的形式告诉DNMS:这里的%不再是通配符而是百分号本身。

  所以上面的查询也可以写成:

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SELECT name FROM tb_TestTable WHERE name LIKE '%[%]'

  上面的介绍同样适用于其他通配符,对单引号,双引号同样适用。

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