聊聊大数据环境下的数据库架构
随着数据的快速增长,分表,分库,memcache,redis,mongodb,hadoop,bigtable等,各种解决方案呼之欲出。经过测试,在MySQL中,无论如何加索引,数据超过百w时,查询起来耗时很明显。 因此mysql分表分库+memcache+redis也不失是一个完美解决方案。 由于redis不
随着数据的快速增长,分表,分库,memcache,redis,mongodb,hadoop,bigtable等,各种解决方案呼之欲出。经过测试,在MySQL中,无论如何加索引,数据超过百w时,查询起来耗时很明显。
因此mysql分表分库+memcache+redis也不失是一个完美解决方案。
由于redis不支持复杂查询,redis的读取性能还是赶不上mem这些劣势,因此才需要一些搭挡。
流程
从CRUD看底层架构。
1. 插入数据
一般情况下,对用户是没有必要分表的,用户的文章或者微博才分表,毕竟用户表和微博表是无法比拟,不一个等级的。
插入时,任何表,mysql只存储索引字段,其它数据存储在redis上。文章表可按一定规则进行静态分表,比如按用户id分100张表,每个用户发的文章都会路由到同一张表中。
数据总数需要一个单独的字段存储在redis中,每个用户都有一个key进行存储文章总数。有时总数数据会与实际总条数有所不同,因此需要定期执行mysql count进行更新redis中的总数。
下面是分表路由,把uid对100取余:
protected function getTableName($name, $id=null) { $tableName = self::SYS_DB_PREFIX . $name; if (is_numeric($id) && $id > 0) return $tableName . '_' . ($id % $this->tableNum); }
2. 查询数据
每第一次数据查询时,根据MySQL中的索引从redis查询,需要将查询结果存储在memcache中,下次查询直接从memcache获取。查询某人文章时,直接从一张表中进行limit查询。
关于动态页面查询,比如登录后的豆瓣首页,会有一些动态好友的更新信息。这些信息是存储在一张临时表中的,只保存10天的更新。
3. 删除数据
整个系统无任何实际操作,只进行字段状态修改。
4. 修改数据
修改数据时,需要更新对应的memcache。
分库
当系统应用更加复杂时,一台数据库服务器的压力是很大的,可根据系统的业务流进行分库,比如文章一个独立库,评论一个独立库等。
更复杂的搜索
比如招聘网站中的,按地点,按行业,按规模等更多条件查询时,就需要一定的搜索系统来完成,这里不做更多搜索细节讨论。

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