MySql优化草案
MySql优化方案 MySql优化 1、 表数据类型选择 (1) 能小就用
MySql优化方案MySql优化
1、 表数据类型选择
(1) 能小就用小。表数据类型第一个原则是:使用能正确的表示和存储数据的最短类型。这样可以减少对磁盘空间、内存、cpu缓存的使用。
(2)避免用NULL,这个也是网上优化技术博文传的最多的一个。理由是额外增加字节,还有使索引,索引统计和值更复杂。很多还忽略一
个count(列)的问题,count(列)是不会统计列值为null的行数。更多关于NULL可参考:http://www.phpben.com/?post=71
(3) 字符串如何选择char和varchar?一般phper能想到就是char是固定大小,varchar能动态储存数据。这里整理一下这两者的区别:
属性 | Char | Varchar |
值域大小 | 最长字符数是255(不是字节),不管什么编码,超过此值则自动截取255个字符保存并没有报错。 | 65535个字节,开始两位存储长度,超过255个字符,用2位储存长度,否则1位,具体字符长度根据编码来确定,如utf8则字符最长是21845个 |
如何处理字符串末尾空格 | 去掉末尾空格,取值出来比较的时候自动加上进行比较 | Version5.0则保留 |
储存空间 | 固定空间,比喻char(10)不管字符串是否有10个字符都分配10个字符的空间 | Varchar内节约空间,但更新可能发生变化,若varchar(10),开始若储存5个字符,当update成7个时有myisam可能把行拆开,innodb可能分页,这样开销就增大 |
适用场合 | 适用于存储很短或固定或长度相似字符,如MD5加密的密码char(33)、昵称char(8)等 | 当最大长度远大于平均长度并且发生更新的时候。 |

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