Home Database Mysql Tutorial 与MSSQL对比学习MYSQL的心得(八)--插入 更新 删除

与MSSQL对比学习MYSQL的心得(八)--插入 更新 删除

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:28 PM
mssql mysql delete study Compared Experience insert renew

同样的,只会讲解跟SQLSERVER不同的地方 插入 将多行查询结果插入到表中 语法 INSERT INTO table_name1(column_list1) SELECT (column_list2) FROM table_name2 WHERE (condition) INSERT INTO SELECT 在SQLSERVER里也是支持的 table_name1指定待插入数据的

同样的,只会讲解跟SQLSERVER不同的地方

插入

将多行查询结果插入到表中

语法

INSERT INTO table_name1(column_list1) SELECT (column_list2) FROM table_name2 WHERE (condition)
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INSERT INTO SELECT 在SQLSERVER里也是支持的

table_name1指定待插入数据的表;column_list1指定待插入表中要插入数据的哪些列;table_name2指定插入数据是从

哪个表中查询出来的;column_list2指定数据来源表的查询列,该列表必须和column_list1列表中的字段个数相同,数据类型相同;

condition指定SELECT语句的查询条件

从person_old表中查询所有的记录,并将其插入到person表

CREATE TABLE person (
 id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 NAME CHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
 age INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 info CHAR(50) NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (id)
)

CREATE TABLE person_old (
 id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 NAME CHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
 age INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 info CHAR(50) NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (id)
)

INSERT INTO person_old
VALUES (11,'Harry',20,'student'),(12,'Beckham',31,'police')

SELECT * FROM person_old

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可以看到,插入记录成功,person_old表现在有两条记录。接下来将person_oldperson_old表中的所有记录插入到person表

INSERT INTO person(id,NAME,age,info)
SELECT id,NAME,age,info FROM person_old;

SELECT * FROM person 

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可以看到数据转移成功,这里的id字段为自增的主键,在插入时要保证该字段值的唯一性,如果不能确定,可以插入的时候忽略该字段,

只插入其他字段的值

如果再执行一次就会出错

MYSQL和SQLSERVER的区别:

区别一

当要导入的数据中有重复值的时候,MYSQL会有三种方案

方案一:使用 ignore 关键字
方案二:使用 replace into
方案三:ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE

第二和第三种方案这里不作介绍,因为比较复杂,而且不符合要求,这里只讲第一种方案

TRUNCATE TABLE person

TRUNCATE TABLE persona_old 

INSERT INTO person_old
VALUES (11,'Harry',20,'student'),(12,'Beckham',31,'police')

##注意下面这条insert语句是没有ignore关键字的
INSERT INTO person(id,NAME,age,info)
SELECT id,NAME,age,info FROM person_old;

INSERT INTO person_old 
VALUES (13,'kay',26,'student')

##注意下面这条insert语句是有ignore关键字的
INSERT IGNORE INTO person(id,NAME,age,info)
SELECT id,NAME,age,info FROM person_old;

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可以看到插入成功

SQLSERVER

在SQLSERVER这边,如果要忽略重复键,需要在建表的时候指定 WITH (IGNORE_DUP_KEY = ON) ON [PRIMARY]

这样在插入重复值的时候,SQLSERVER第一次会保留值,第二次发现有重复值的时候,SQLSERVER就会忽略掉

区别二

插入自增列时的区别

SQLSERVER需要使用 SET IDENTITY_INSERT 表名 ON 才能把自增字段的值插入到表中,如果不加 SET IDENTITY_INSERT 表名 ON

则在插入数据到表中时,不能指定自增字段的值,则id字段不能指定值,SQLSERVER会自动帮你自动增加一

INSERTINTO person(NAME,age,info) VALUES ('feicy',33,'student')

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而MYSQL则不需要,而且自由度非常大

你可以将id字段的值指定为NULL,MYSQL会自动帮你增一

INSERTINTO person(id,NAME,age,info) VALUES (NULL,'feicy',33,'student')
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也可以指定值

INSERT IGNORE INTO person(id,NAME,age,info) VALUES (16,'tom',88,'student')

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也可以不写id的值,MYSQL会自动帮你增一

INSERT IGNORE INTO person(NAME,age,info) VALUES ('amy',12,'bb')

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你可以指定id字段的值也可以不指定,指定的时候只要当前id字段列没有你正在插入的那个值就可以,即没有重复值就可以

自由度非常大,而且无须指定 SET IDENTITY_INSERT 表名 ON 选项

区别三

唯一索引的NULL值重复问题

MYSQL

在MYSQL中UNIQUE 索引将会对null字段失效

insert into test(a) values(null)
 
insert into test(a) values(null)
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上面的插入语句是可以重复插入的(联合唯一索引也一样)

SQLSERVER

SQLSERVER则不行

CREATE TABLE person (
 id INT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1),
 NAME CHAR(40) NULL DEFAULT '',
 age INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 info CHAR(50) NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (id)
)

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IX_person_unique ON [dbo].[person](name)

INSERT INTO [dbo].[person]
    ( [NAME], [age], [info] )
VALUES ( NULL, -- NAME - char(40)
     1, -- age - int
     'aa' -- info - char(50)
     ),
     ( NULL, -- NAME - char(40)
     2, -- age - int
     'bb' -- info - char(50)
     )

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消息 2601,级别 14,状态 1,第 1 行
不能在具有唯一索引“IX_person_unique”的对象“dbo.person”中插入重复键的行。重复键值为 (<NULL>)。
语句已终止。
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更新

更新比较简单,就不多说了

UPDATE person SET info ='police' WHERE id BETWEEN 14 AND 17

SELECT * FROM person

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删除

删除person表中一定范围的数据

DELETE FROM person WHERE id BETWEEN 14 AND 17

SELECT * FROM person

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如果要删除表的所有记录可以使用下面的两种方法

##方法一
DELETE FROM person

##方法二
TRUNCATE TABLE person
跟SQLSERVER一样,TRUNCATE TABLE会比DELETE FROM TABLE 快

MYISAM引擎下的测试结果,30行记录


跟SQLSERVER一样,执行完TRUNCATE TABLE后,自增字段重新从一开始。

################################
INSERT IGNORE INTO person(id,NAME,age,info)
SELECT id,NAME,age,info FROM person_old;

SELECT * FROM person

TRUNCATE TABLE person

INSERT IGNORE INTO person(NAME,age,info) VALUES ('amy',12,'bb')

SELECT * FROM person

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当你刚刚truncate了表之后执行下面语句就会看到重新从一开始

SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'person'

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总结

这一节介绍了MYSQL里的的插入、更新和删除,并且比较了与SQLSERVER的区别,特别是MYSQL里插入语句的灵活性

刚刚开始从SQLSERVER转过来可能会有一些不适应

如有不对的地方,欢迎大家拍砖o(∩_∩)o

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