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hadoop的一些名词解释

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:30 PM
hadoop

在网上收集了一些mapreduce中常用的一些名词的解释,分享一下: Shuffle(洗牌):当第一个map任务完成后,节点可能还要继续执行更多的map 任务,但这时候也开始把map任务的中间输出交换到需要它们的 reducer那里去,这个移动map输出到 reducer 的过程叫做sh

在网上收集了一些mapreduce中常用的一些名词的解释,分享一下:


Shuffle(洗牌):当第一个map任务完成后,节点可能还要继续执行更多的map 任务,但这时候也开始把map任务的中间输出交换到需要它们的 reducer那里去,这个移动map输出到 reducer 的过程叫做shuffle。

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Partition:每一个reduce节点会分派到中间输出的键集合中的一个不同的子集合,这些子集合(被称为“partitions”)是reduce任务的输入数据。每一个map任务生成的键值对可能会隶属于任意的partition,有着相同键的数值总是在一起被reduce,不管它是来自那个mapper的。因此,所有的map 节点必须就把不同的中间数据发往何处达成一致。Partitioner 类就是用来决定给定键值对的去向,默认的分类器(partitioner)会计算键的哈希值并基于这个结果来把键赋到相应的partition上。

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排序(Sort):每一个reduce任务负责归约(reduceing)关联到相同键上的所有数值,每一个节点收到的中间键集合在被送到具体的reducer那里前就已经自动被Hadoop排序过了。

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Combiner:前面展示的流水线忽略了一个可以优化MapReduce作业所使用带宽的步骤,这个过程叫Combiner,它在Mapper之后 Reducer之前运行。Combiner是可选的,如果这个过程适合于你的作业,Combiner 实例会在每一个运行map任务的节点上运行。Combiner会接收特定节点上的 Mapper 实例的输出作为输入,接着 Combiner 的输出会被发送到Reducer那里,而不是发送Mapper的输出。 Combiner是一个“迷你reduce”过程,它只处理单台机器生成的数据。

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Reporter:是用于Map/Reduce应用程序报告进度,设定应用级别的状态消息, 更新Counters(计数器)的机制。

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Mapper和Reducer的实现可以利用Reporter 来报告进度,或者仅是表明自己运行正常。在那种应用程序需要花很长时间处理个别键值对的场景中,这种机制是很关键的,因为框架可能会以为这个任务超时了,从而将它强行杀死。另一个避免这种情况发生的方式是,将配置参数mapred.task.timeout设置为一个足够高的值(或者干脆设置为零,则没有超时限制了)。 应用程序可以用Reporter来更新Counter(计数器)。

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OutputCollector:是一个Map/Reduce框架提供的用于收集 Mapper或Reducer输出数据的通用机制 (包括中间输出结果和作业的输出结果)。

作者:p_3er 发表于2013-7-5 15:59:55 原文链接

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hadoop的一些名词解释

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