我的运维经验总结
到现在做运维有三个月时间了,从不熟悉到熟悉,从什么都不清楚到清楚手里所有服务器状态,从什么都不会到独立运维十几台服务器,独立搭建监控平台,独立制定了完整的一套打包备份策略。部门的运维只有我一个人做,所以什么问题都由我处理,在累之外的好处就
到现在做运维有三个月时间了,从不熟悉到熟悉,从什么都不清楚到清楚手里所有服务器状态,从什么都不会到独立运维十几台服务器,独立搭建监控平台,独立制定了完整的一套打包备份策略。部门的运维只有我一个人做,所以什么问题都由我处理,在累之外的好处就是我能接触的多,能学的多,这对个人能力的提升是有帮助的。日子也过得比较闷,随便做点总结吧,算是对三个月里技术之外自我提升的证明。
1、工欲善其事,必先利其器。先对自己用的电脑配置一下,保证其能方便操作。
2、添加虚拟主机时Option使用“-index”,禁止列目录。
3、有新站需要上线时请衡量一下服务器承受能力后做安排。尤其注意不要在低内存的服务器上放过多站点,在低内存主机上也要留意mysql内存分配问题。
4、在多网卡主机上分配网站上线时尽量考虑网卡负载,平衡网卡流量。
5、网站程序目录权限设置为755。
6、FTP用户名使用“申请人姓名@网站域名”,便于管理。
7、转移数据库尽量使用导出为sql文件。如果数据库太大不方便导出导入操作,可以在关闭mysql服务之后复制数据库文件,但这种做法无法恢复数据库中innoDB类型的表。
8、在收藏夹中收藏所有phpmyadmin的地址,定期打开所有phpmyadmin,检查是否正常运行。
9、转移网站时留意目录属性,尤其是跨平台转移时。网站转移后先通过添加hosts来访问,没有问题后再改域名指向。
10、对服务器的任何操作请做备份,确认一切OK之后再做清理。对于删除操作不要擅做主张。
11、服务器不能通过ssh连接上时打开其power panel,若power panel不能控制,请联系主机提供商客服。
12、手机请7×24小时开机,收到短信报警先打开网站确认是否确实出问题。连接上服务器后检查进程,检查资源使用,养成每天检查服务器的习惯。
13、Linux系统出现任何问题都是配置问题。如果必要请勿重启服务器。发现问题查日志,修改对应配置之后重启该项服务。
14、对服务器的任何操作请勿影响同事正常工作。
15、经常检查日志,检查脚本,看是否有不完善之处。
16、没事多练练正则表达式,多看看命令行,有好处。
17、以下命令要滚瓜烂熟:find grep sed awk top ps netstat ifconfig xargs egrep crontab,但不仅限于此。
18、熟悉mysql的命令,在phpmyadmin无法打开时只能用mysql的命令。
19、发现网站被挂黑链时,不要做任何修改,通知相关同事暂停修改站点。检查日志分析入侵途径,尽量寻找入侵者信息。可以有以下几个获取信息的途径:通过服务器记录下的IP,检查IP的地理位置,检查黑链中的域名,包括IP和地理位置,以及它们的whois相关信息,其中有些会有注册人,如果链接中注册人都是同一个,那可以基本肯定就是这个人,通过一些途径解决这个问题。
20、被挂马时,保存马之后分析马的特性。修改其源文件,添加短信报警内容,放在原位,如果对方再连接可以得到报警。当然别忘了找一下系统漏洞,把漏洞补好。
21、胆大心细,要有耐心。
22、不要将带有用户名密码的文档发送给任何人。
23、有问题多查文档,或者Google之。
原文地址:我的运维经验总结, 感谢原作者分享。

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