MySQL实验室DMB数据库监控及灾备系统 之 [备份模式的选择]
很多企业,特别是中、大型互联网企业都在大量的使用MySQL数据库,并且绝大部分情况下使用的都是InnoDB存储引擎。使用InnoDB存储引擎有很多因素,比如事务安全、自动恢复、行锁、在线备份等等特性。 在MySQL数据库应用和运维中,除了数据库状态和性能监控之外
很多企业,特别是中、大型互联网企业都在大量的使用MySQL数据库,并且绝大部分情况下使用的都是InnoDB存储引擎。使用InnoDB存储引擎有很多因素,比如事务安全、自动恢复、行锁、在线备份等等特性。
在MySQL数据库应用和运维中,除了数据库状态和性能监控之外,数据库的备份一直没有很好的工具去管理,DMB数据库监控及灾备系统就是为解决这一矛盾而诞生的。
DMB系统中备份配置中总共有7种备份模式,下面将针对它们分别介绍,什么样的情况下应该选择什么样的备份模式,以实现最高效的备份,且尽可能的减少对业务的影响。
-
MYSQLDUMP:
- 调用MySQL系统的mysqldump命令进行备份。其中在只有InnoDB的情况下,可以实现在线热备,不会影响线上业务;在有MyISAM表的情况下,在备份过程当中会增加全局锁,这时候系统是只读的。备份之后会生成 master信息,可以通过备份的SQL文件和master_info.sql 创建slave服务。
-
IBBACKUP_ALL:
- 备份所有的InnoDB和MyISAM表,在没有MyISAM表的情况下,备份过程中不会对线上业务造成影响,属于在线热备;如果存在MyISAM表,那么在备份完InnoDB之后,备份MyISAM的过程中MySQL数据库是只读的。备份会生成master_info.sql,用于创建slave。
-
IBBACKUP_INNODB:
- 针对只有InnoDB表的情况,不会备份MyISAM表,属于在线热备,不会造成写堵塞。备份会生成master_info.sql,用于创建slave。
-
IBBACKUP_NONBLOCK:
- 针对只有InnoDB的情况,不备份MyISAM表,属于在线热备,对系统不造成任何堵塞。备份不生成master_info.sql,不能用该备份创建slave,只用于备份用。
- XTRABACKUP_ALL: 同 IBBACKUP_ALL
- XTRABACKUP_INNODB: 同 IBBACKUP_INNODB
- XTRABACKUP_NONBLOCK: 同 IBBACKUP_NONBLOCK
说明:
- 备份模式中以IBBACKUP开头的调用的是 ibbackup,以XTRABACKUP开头的调用的是xtrabackup。
- 所有备份都包含MySQL数据库系统库mysql和配置文件my.ini
- 在不清楚的情况下备份模式可以选择MYSQLDUMP、IBBACKUP_ALL、XTRABACKUP_ALL 。
- IBBACKUP、XTRABACKUP都属于物理备份,恢复速率比MYSQLDUMP要大,能缩短恢复时间。
- 其中 IBBACKUP_NONBLOCK、XTRABACKUP_NONBLOCK不会调用flush操作,因此在任何情况下都不会影响在线业务。而其他几种备份模式因为为了取得master info信息,有些会在瞬间加上全局锁然后释放,在极端情况下会对数据库造成一定影响。具体情况以及针对现有MySQL的patch会在后续的blog中加以阐述。
Related posts:
- MySQL企业级数据库灾备(备份)系统-DMB v2.1发布
- MySQL5.5复制/同步的新特性及改进
- MySQL vs NoSQL 效率与成本之争
- MySQL 5.5 Released(非GA)
- MySQL5.6发布及其新特性
? 谭俊青 发布在 MySQL性能、MySQL Cluster集群、MySQL HA高可用等研究 - MySQL实验室, 2011.
可以任意转载, 但转载时务必以超链接形式标明文章原始出处 和 作者信息。
链接: http://www.mysqlab.net/blog/2011/04/dmb-database-mysql-backup-method/
标签: DMB, ibbackup, xtrabackup, 在线热备, 备份

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