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如何控制common user在cdb里对于pdb信息的访问

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Release: 2016-06-07 16:33:38
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研究common user要在不同的pdb间切换所需具有的权限;研究common user在cdb上查询container_data_objects时如何限制其只能访问到

本文目的:
研究common user要在不同的pdb间切换所需具有的权限;
研究common user在cdb上查询container_data_objects时如何限制其只能访问到某几个pdb对应的信息或者在某个特定的container_data_object对象上限制其只能访问到某几个pdb对应的信息,common user一般都有比较大的权限,但有的时候我们不想让common user通过cdb里的视图去访问到某些pdb的信息

先解释一下container_data_object的概念:Dba_table、dba_views中container_data=’Y’对应的表或视图,因为这些视图中包含了来自不同pdb的信息,所以被称作container_data_object

1、 只有common user才能使用alter session set container=PDBX在各个pdb间进行切换,前提是这个common user必须在这些pdb里至少具有create session 和 set container权限:

---在cdb里创建一个common user,赋予create session权限

SQL> show con_name

 

CON_NAME

------------------------------

CDB$ROOT

SQL> create user c##guser2 identified by 773946 container=all;

 

User created.

   

SQL> grant create session to c##guser2; 

 

Grant succeeded.

 

 

---以刚创建的c##guser2用户登陆cdb,,set container到orapdba提示权限不足

oracle@ora12c1:/home/oracle>sqlplus c##guser2/773946

 

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Thu Dec 12 21:22:44 2013

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

 

SQL> alter session set container=orapdba;

ERROR:

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

 

--[C1] -在orapdba里,grant set container权限给c##guser2

SQL> show con_name

 

CON_NAME

------------------------------

ORAPDBA

 

SQL> grant set container,create session to c##guser2;

 

Grant succeeded.

 

--- set container到orapdba成功

SQL> show con_name

 

CON_NAME

------------------------------

CDB$ROOT

 

SQL> alter session set container=orapdba;

 

Session altered.

 

结论:common user用户要在不同的pdb间实现切换,必须在这些pdb上拥有create session和set container的权限,最简单的方法是在cdb上执行grant create session,set container to c##guser2 container=all进行全局的赋权

 

2、 通过alter user中的container_data_clause 进行container_data_objects访问权限控制:

---全局授权c##guser2查询系统视图的权限

SQL> grant select_catalog_role to c##guser2 container=all;

 

Grant succeeded.

 

---[C2] 以c##guser2登陆cdb$root查询cdb_data_files、v$session两个视图的内容

SQL> show user

USER is "C##GUSER2"

 

SQL> show con_name

 

CON_NAME

------------------------------

CDB$ROOT

SQL> select distinct con_id from v$session;

 

    CON_ID

----------

        1

        0

 

SQL> select distinct con_id from cdb_data_files;

 

    CON_ID

----------

        1

 

---开放给c##guser2用户查询特定pdb上信息的权限

SQL> show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL> show con_name

 

CON_NAME

------------------------------

CDB$ROOT

 

SQL> alter user c##guser2 set container_data=(CDB$root[C3] ,orapdba,orapdbb) container=current;

 

User altered.

 

---查询cdb_container_data可以看到c##guser2用户具有在部分pdb上查询container_data_object的权限

select * from CDB_container_data where username='C##GUSER2';

Grant succeeded.


---再次以c##guser2登陆cdb$root查询cdb_data_files、v$session两个视图的内容,能查到除了0、1之外的其它pdb的信息了
 

 

SQL> select distinct con_id from v$session;

 

    CON_ID

----------

        1

        4

        3

        0

 

SQL> select distinct con_id from cdb_data_files;

 

    CON_ID

----------

        4

        3

        1

 

---对于v$session视图限制c##guser2只能访问orapdba相关的信息

SQL> alter user c##guser2 set container_data=(CDB$root,orapdba) for v$session container=current;

 

---cdb_container_data中又增加了两行基于特定对象的控制信息

select * from CDB_container_data where username='C##GUSER2'

---以c##guser2登陆Root查询cdb_data_files、v$session两个视图的内容,发现还是能查到con_id=4,即orapdbb的记录

SQL> select distinct con_id from v$session;

 

    CON_ID

----------

        1

        4

        3

        0

SQL> select distinct con_id from cdb_data_files;

 

    CON_ID

----------

        4

        3

        1

 

---原因在于红色的部分还是生效的

---去除对于orapdbb的访问权限

SQL> alter user c##guser2 remove container_data=(orapdbb) container=current;

 

User altered.

 

---以c##guser2登陆Root查询cdb_data_files、v$session两个视图的内容,就不见了

con_id=4的记录

SQL> select distinct con_id from v$session;

 

    CON_ID

----------

        1

        3

        0

 

SQL>  select distinct con_id from cdb_data_files;

 

    CON_ID

----------

        3

        1

 

---对于v$session视图限制放宽让c##guser2也能访问orapdbb相关的信息

SQL> alter user c##guser2 add container_data=(orapdbb) for v$session 

container=current;

 

User altered.

 

---以c##guser2登陆Root查询v$session视图又能看见con_id=4的记录,但

cdb_data_files里依然没有con_id=4的记录

User altered.

 
 [C1]此处未授权create session也可以set container成功,实际操作时还是同时附上create session比较好

 [C2]由于c##guser2未进行任何的container_data设置,也即相当于设置了set container_data=default,所以只能看到con_id=0、con_id=1的记录,0代表整个CDB,1代表CDB$ROOT

 [C3]必须包含Root,否则会报ORA-65057错误

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