Home Database Mysql Tutorial Innodb IO优化 — 数据库表设计

Innodb IO优化 — 数据库表设计

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:35 PM
innodb optimization knowledge database design

数据库表设计这块学问比较多,我这里单从互联网角度出发同时结合Innodb的特性给出一些设计方法供大家参考。本文构建大概分两分部分:Innodb的特性及设计中如何利用这种特性。 Innodb特性: Innodb是索引聚集表, 存储结构是BTREE Innodb的表的数据存储是有顺

数据库表设计这块学问比较多,我这里单从互联网角度出发同时结合Innodb的特性给出一些设计方法供大家参考。本文构建大概分两分部分:Innodb的特性及设计中如何利用这种特性。

Innodb特性:

  • Innodb是索引聚集表, 存储结构是BTREE

  • Innodb的表的数据存储是有顺序的,默认是以主建排序,主建即是数据本身,不单独存放。

  • 如果没有主建,Innodb以第一个唯一索引排序,如果连唯一索引也没,Innodb内部会产生一个6字节的字段排序(这个也是性能杀手,所以对这块如果不想花太多时间去想这个事,就添加一个自增的列无业务意义做为主建即可)

  • Innodb表普通索引存储需要包含主建(或是Innodb表聚集的字段)

  • 如何利用这些特性:

  • 对于Insert操作要求比高的表:  建议增加一个自增的列做主建,这样减少数据的写入造成Innodb表在存储上不断的拆叶排序的操作。 通过添加一个自增的列做主建从而达到Innodb表的写入都是顺序IO的形态。所以这种情况,保证在1W/S左右的Insert也是比较容易的。添加一个主建还有另外一个好处,真正的条件将会成为唯一索引或是普通索引, 这样索引单独存放起来后,整体上比原来的表文件会小很多,这样基于条件的查询,可以从一个较少的文件快速定位到需要的行。这样也有机会利用到索引覆盖。

  • 另一种场景,写入少,同时每次读多(读取不是一条记录),这种场景可以考虑不要使用自增的列做为主建,就使用查询条件或是查询条和其它通达到唯一,定义为主建。这样查询就可以一次读到数据。还一种场景如存好友关系,或是股票信息,特别好友关系表类的数据,可以考虑使用两个用户的Id做联合主建,查询时条件中只用自已的Id读所有用户的数据,这样就是一个顺序IO的请求。同样这种情景下对一些数据就可以考虑冗余,减少请求反向的数据操作。

  • 更新最好基于主建或是唯一索引来做,这样才能有机会利用Innodb的行级锁。

  • 互联网中还有一种观点是:页面展现什么,就存成什么样的表。这种在CMS中还能适用,在WEB2.0及相关的应用这种观念就行不通。但可以考虑适当的多处写,实现数据的快速读取及索引表的引入。

  • 从业务形态上来看:

      建议数据在设计阶段就要考虑那些是大表,可以分为多少个业务,怎么能核心功能拆分。这块举个例子:大家经常听到的淘宝的用户库,商品库,收藏夹库,交易库,评论库等。及其它我们经常也能听到的:认证库,好友关系库等等。到业务形态上后,可以根据不同的形态选择不同的软件来做不要只看到mysql了,这块的设计可以把nosql类的东西也要考虑进来,最终设计数据库的模型。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
WWE 2K25: How To Unlock Everything In MyRise
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Honor Magic V3 debuts AI defocus eye protection technology: effectively alleviates the development of myopia Honor Magic V3 debuts AI defocus eye protection technology: effectively alleviates the development of myopia Jul 18, 2024 am 09:27 AM

According to news on July 12, the Honor Magic V3 series was officially released today, equipped with the new Honor Vision Soothing Oasis eye protection screen. While the screen itself has high specifications and high quality, it also pioneered the introduction of AI active eye protection technology. It is reported that the traditional way to alleviate myopia is "myopia glasses". The power of myopia glasses is evenly distributed to ensure that the central area of ​​​​sight is imaged on the retina, but the peripheral area is imaged behind the retina. The retina senses that the image is behind, promoting the eye axis direction. grow later, thereby deepening the degree. At present, one of the main ways to alleviate the development of myopia is the "defocus lens". The central area has a normal power, and the peripheral area is adjusted through optical design partitions, so that the image in the peripheral area falls in front of the retina.

Honor X60i mobile phone is on sale starting from 1,399 yuan: visual quadrilateral OLED direct screen Honor X60i mobile phone is on sale starting from 1,399 yuan: visual quadrilateral OLED direct screen Jul 29, 2024 pm 08:25 PM

According to news on July 29, the Honor X60i mobile phone is officially on sale today, starting at 1,399 yuan. In terms of design, the Honor X60i mobile phone adopts a straight screen design with a hole in the center and almost unbounded ultra-narrow borders on all four sides, which greatly broadens the field of view. Honor X60i parameters Display: 6.7-inch high-definition display Battery: 5000mAh large-capacity battery Processor: Dimensity 6080 processor (TSMC 6nm, 2x2.4G A76+6×2G A55) System: MagicOS8.0 system Other features: 5G signal enhancement, smart capsule, under-screen fingerprint, dual MIC, noise reduction, knowledge Q&A, photography capabilities: rear dual camera system: 50 million pixels main camera, 2 million pixels auxiliary lens, front selfie lens: 8 million pixels, price: 8GB

Vivo's phone with the strongest signal! vivo X100s is equipped with a universal signal amplification system: 21 antennas, 360° surround design Vivo's phone with the strongest signal! vivo X100s is equipped with a universal signal amplification system: 21 antennas, 360° surround design Jun 03, 2024 pm 08:41 PM

According to news on May 13, vivoX100s was officially released tonight. In addition to excellent images, the new phone also performs very well in terms of signal. According to vivo’s official introduction, vivoX100s uses an innovative universal signal amplification system, which is equipped with up to 21 antennas. This design has been re-optimized based on the direct screen to balance many signal requirements such as 5G, 4G, Wi-Fi, GPS, and NFC. This makes vivoX100s the mobile phone with the strongest signal reception capability in vivo’s history. The new phone also uses a unique 360° surround design, with antennas distributed around the body. This design not only enhances the signal strength, but also optimizes various daily holding postures to avoid problems caused by improper holding methods.

iOS 18 adds a new 'Recovered' album function to retrieve lost or damaged photos iOS 18 adds a new 'Recovered' album function to retrieve lost or damaged photos Jul 18, 2024 am 05:48 AM

Apple's latest releases of iOS18, iPadOS18 and macOS Sequoia systems have added an important feature to the Photos application, designed to help users easily recover photos and videos lost or damaged due to various reasons. The new feature introduces an album called "Recovered" in the Tools section of the Photos app that will automatically appear when a user has pictures or videos on their device that are not part of their photo library. The emergence of the "Recovered" album provides a solution for photos and videos lost due to database corruption, the camera application not saving to the photo library correctly, or a third-party application managing the photo library. Users only need a few simple steps

C++ program optimization: time complexity reduction techniques C++ program optimization: time complexity reduction techniques Jun 01, 2024 am 11:19 AM

Time complexity measures the execution time of an algorithm relative to the size of the input. Tips for reducing the time complexity of C++ programs include: choosing appropriate containers (such as vector, list) to optimize data storage and management. Utilize efficient algorithms such as quick sort to reduce computation time. Eliminate multiple operations to reduce double counting. Use conditional branches to avoid unnecessary calculations. Optimize linear search by using faster algorithms such as binary search.

New stacking process! Xiaomi MIX Fold 4 is equipped with Jinshajiang 'three-dimensional special-shaped' battery for the first time New stacking process! Xiaomi MIX Fold 4 is equipped with Jinshajiang 'three-dimensional special-shaped' battery for the first time Jul 20, 2024 am 03:20 AM

According to news on July 19, Xiaomi MIX Fold 4, the first flagship folding new phone, was officially released tonight and is equipped with a "three-dimensional special-shaped battery" for the first time. According to reports, Xiaomi MIX Fold4 has achieved a major breakthrough in battery technology and designed an innovative "three-dimensional special-shaped battery" specifically for folding screens. Traditional folding screen devices mostly use conventional square batteries, which have low space utilization efficiency. In order to solve this problem, Xiaomi did not use the common winding battery cells, but developed a new lamination process to create a new form of battery, which greatly improved the space utilization. Battery Technology Innovation In order to accurately alternately stack positive and negative electrode sheets and ensure the safe embedding of lithium ions, Xiaomi has developed a new ultrasonic welding machine and lamination machine to improve welding and cutting accuracy.

Detailed tutorial on establishing a database connection using MySQLi in PHP Detailed tutorial on establishing a database connection using MySQLi in PHP Jun 04, 2024 pm 01:42 PM

How to use MySQLi to establish a database connection in PHP: Include MySQLi extension (require_once) Create connection function (functionconnect_to_db) Call connection function ($conn=connect_to_db()) Execute query ($result=$conn->query()) Close connection ( $conn->close())

How to handle database connection errors in PHP How to handle database connection errors in PHP Jun 05, 2024 pm 02:16 PM

To handle database connection errors in PHP, you can use the following steps: Use mysqli_connect_errno() to obtain the error code. Use mysqli_connect_error() to get the error message. By capturing and logging these error messages, database connection issues can be easily identified and resolved, ensuring the smooth running of your application.

See all articles