Table of Contents
一览 redis 数据结构
redis 命令和相关的数据结构
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redis 数据结构综述

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:35 PM
re redis data structure Overview

这里所说的数据结构是针对 redis 内部存储 key-value 的,其他诸如 redis 配置相关的数据结构,不在此篇讨论范围。 一览 redis 数据结构 dict ,哈希表,redis 所有的 key-value 都存储在里面。 // 哈希表(字典)数据结构,redis 的所有键值对都会存储在这

这里所说的数据结构是针对 redis 内部存储 key-value 的,其他诸如 redis 配置相关的数据结构,不在此篇讨论范围。

一览 redis 数据结构

dict,哈希表,redis 所有的 key-value 都存储在里面。

// 哈希表(字典)数据结构,redis 的所有键值对都会存储在这里。其中包含两个哈希表。
typedef struct dict {
    // 哈希表的类型,包括哈希函数,比较函数,键值的内存释放函数
    dictType *type;
    // 存储一些额外的数据
    void *privdata;
    // 两个哈希表
    dictht ht[2];
    // 哈希表重置下标,指定的是哈希数组的数组下标
    int rehashidx; /* rehashing not in progress if rehashidx == -1 */
    // 绑定到哈希表的迭代器个数
    int iterators; /* number of iterators currently running */
} dict;
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redisObject,任何 value 都会被包装成一个 redisObject,redisObject 能指定 value 的类型,编码方式等数据属性。

typedef struct redisObject {
    // 刚刚好 32 bits
    // 对象的类型,字符串/列表/集合/哈希表
    unsigned type:4;
    // 未使用的两个位
    unsigned notused:2;     /* Not used */
    // 编码的方式,redis 为了节省空间,提供多种方式来保存一个数据
    // 譬如:“123456789” 会被存储为整数 123456789
    unsigned encoding:4;
    // 当内存紧张,淘汰数据的时候用到
    unsigned lru:22;        /* lru time (relative to server.lruclock) */
    // 引用计数
    int refcount;
    // 数据指针
    void *ptr;
} robj;
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zset,是一个跳表,插入删除速度非常快。

typedef struct zset {
    // 哈希表
    dict *dict;
    // 跳表
    zskiplist *zsl;
} zset;
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adlist,普通的双链表。

typedef struct list {
    // 头指针
    listNode *head;
    // 尾指针
    listNode *tail;
    // 数据拷贝函数指针
    void *(*dup)(void *ptr);
    // 析构函数指针
    void (*free)(void *ptr);
    // 数据比较指针
    int (*match)(void *ptr, void *key);
    // 链表长度
    unsigned long len;
} list;
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ziplist,是一个压缩的双链表,实现了针对 CPU cache 的优化。ziplist 实际上一个字符串,通过一系列的算法来实现压缩双链表。

intset,整数集合。

typedef struct intset {
    // 每个整数的类型
    uint32_t encoding;
    // intset 长度
    uint32_t length;
    // 整数数组
    int8_t contents[];
} intset;
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sds,字符串数据结构,因为经常涉及字符串的操作,redis 做了特殊的实现,文档中将其称为 Hacking String.

typedef char *sds;
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zipmap,已经被废弃,我不会讨论这个数据结构。

redis 命令和相关的数据结构

以添加数据的一类命令 SET,HSET,LPUSH,SADD,ZADD 为例,分别看看哪个命令底层用了哪些数据结构。

SET 命令底层所使用的即为 sds,或者整型数据类型 int,long long 等,或者浮点型 float,double。不同的情况所使用的数据类不同,SET 底层所使用的数据类型是最为简单的。

HSET 命令底层所使用的即为压缩双链表 ziplist,而非哈希表 dict。

LPUSH 命令底层所使用的即为压缩双链表 ziplist。

SADD 命令情况较为特殊,SADD 所面向的是一个集合(set)。如果往集合总添加的数据都是整数,会采用整数集合 intset;如果集合中的数据有一个不为整数,会采用哈希表 dict。因此,会一个特殊的情况,假使前 N个数据都为整数,第 N+1个数据为非整数,如字符串,那么数据结构会从 intset 转换为 dict。

ZADD 也较为特殊,SADD 所面向的是一个有序集合(sorted set)。ZADD 底层数据结构可以采用跳表 skiplist 和哈希表 dict 的结合;也可以采用 ziplist。具体选用哪种需要看 server.zset_max_ziplist_entries 和 server.zset_max_ziplist_value 两个配置变量的设置。前者掺合 dict 是为了能快速查找某个成员是否存在于跳表中。有序集一个较为普遍的应用是排行榜。

我将在接下来的系列文章中一一讲解每一个数据结构,以及选用相应数据结构的目的。

捣乱 2014-6-9

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