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Oracle 10g 快速手工建库步骤

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Oracle 10g 快速手工建库步骤记录: 0. 修改环境变量 [oracle@ocm1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile 添加以下内容:export ORACLE_SID=PROD

Oracle 10g 快速手工建库步骤记录:

0. 修改环境变量
 
[oracle@ocm1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
 
添加以下内容:
export ORACLE_SID=PROD
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
 
1. 修改登录标识符和默认编辑器(非必须)
 
修改$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql,在文件末尾添加以下内容:
 
set sqlprompt '_user''@''_connect_identifier> '
define _editor=vi
                                                           
2. 创建初始化参数(用于启动数据库实例)
 
[oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ cat init.ora|grep -v ^$|grep -v ^# > initPROD.ora
[oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ ll
total 32
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 12920 May  3  2001 initdw.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  8385 Sep 11  1998 init.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  738 Jan 10 19:18 initPROD.ora
[oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ vi initPROD.ora
db_name=PROD
db_files = 80                                                        # SMALL
db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8                                    # SMALL
#db_block_buffers = 100                                                # SMALL
#shared_pool_size = 3500000                                            # SMALL
log_checkpoint_interval = 10000
processes = 50                                                        # SMALL
parallel_max_servers = 5                                              # SMALL
log_buffer = 32768                                                    # SMALL
max_dump_file_size = 10240      # limit trace file size to 5 Meg each
global_names = FALSE
control_files = (/u01/app/oacle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/control01.ctl, /u01/app/oacle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/control02.ctl,/u01/app/oacle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/control03.ctl)
undo_management=auto
sga_max_size=300M
sga_target=300M
 
注意:红色部分为需要添加或修改的地方
 
3. 创建密码文件
 
[oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPROD password=oracle entries=5
[oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ ll
total 36
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 12920 May  3  2001 initdw.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  8385 Sep 11  1998 init.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  914 Jan 10 19:21 initPROD.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  2048 Jan 10 19:24 orapwPROD
 
4. 创建相关目录
                                                           
[oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/{a,b,c,u}dump -p
[oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD
[oracle@ocm1 PROD]$ ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 10 19:23 adump
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 10 19:23 bdump
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 10 19:23 cdump
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 10 19:23 udump
[oracle@ocm1 PROD]$ cd /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@ocm1 oracle]$ mkdir oradata/PROD/Disk{1,2,3,4,5} -p
[oracle@ocm1 oracle]$ cd oradata/PROD/
[oracle@ocm1 PROD]$ ll
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 10 19:22 Disk1
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 10 19:22 Disk2
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 10 19:22 Disk3
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 10 19:22 Disk4
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 10 19:22 Disk5
 
5. 创建spfile
 
[oracle@ocm1 PROD]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jan 10 19:25:04 2015
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Connected to an idle instance.
 
SYS@PROD> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  314572800 bytes
Fixed Size                  1219184 bytes
Variable Size              96470416 bytes
Database Buffers          213909504 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
SYS@PROD> create spfile from pfile;
 
File created.
 
创建spfile并用它启动后,,就可以通过alter sysem set xxx来动态修改所需的参数了,主要是可以利用模糊查找得到不熟悉的参数名
 
6. 创建建库脚本crdb.sql
 
Reffer:Administration->Database Administrator's Guide->2 Creating an Oracle Database->Manually Creating an Oracle Database->Step 7: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement
 
CREATE DATABASE PROD
  USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
  USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
          GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/redo01_a.log') SIZE 100M
          GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/redo02_a.log') SIZE 100M
          GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/redo03_a.log') SIZE 100M
  MAXLOGFILES 5
  MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
  MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  MAXDATAFILES 100
  MAXINSTANCES 1
  CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
  NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
  DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
  SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
      SIZE 20M REUSE
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
 
可以用%s替换加速修改,注意修改实例名和相应的路径,确保目录都存在
 
6. 开始跑脚本建库(约2分钟)
 
[oracle@ocm1 PROD]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jan 10 19:51:10 2015
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
 
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
 
SYS@PROD> @/home/oracle/crdb.sql
 
Database created.
 
至此,已经基本完成了手工建库的步骤,但是这个库目前还用不了,原因是没有数据字典等系统对象
 
7. 分别运行catalog.sql和catproc.sql脚本(注意先后顺序)
 
SYS@PROD> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog
SYS@PROD> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc
 
SYS@PROD> select count(*) from dba_objects;
 
  COUNT(*)
----------
      9373
 
跑完脚本,才能执行对各个系统表和视图的查询,可以看到,默认手工建库跑完脚本后的系统对象是9373个(10g)
 
还有一种更快的方法,就是设置db_create_file_dest和db_create_online_logfile_dest1,然后直接运行create database xxx;
然后根据需要调整具体的路径或参数
 
友情提醒:
 
建完库之后,记得关闭数据库用tar进行冷备份,主要是PROD和dbs这2个目录,这样就不怕误删除了,用tar的之后千万注意解压和压缩的命令参数不要用错,否则一不小心将当前目录不相关的内容变成备份内容,覆盖了原来的备份内容,那可是非常糟糕的,默认如果生成的tar文件同名,会直接覆盖掉,而不是追加到原压缩文件。

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