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MySQLWorkbench使用SSH Tunnel连接MySQL数据库

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:41 PM
ssh use

在2010年用Amazon AWS时,就用过ssh命令来建立一个SSH Tunnel,然后本地配置为代理就可以无障碍访问互联网了。 现在连接一个IDC的MySQL服务器时,由于网络的隔离性,需要ssh到一台跳板机上才能直接访问MySQL,而我想在本地使用MySQLWorkbench这样的客户端直

在2010年用Amazon AWS时,就用过ssh命令来建立一个SSH Tunnel,然后本地配置为代理就可以无障碍访问互联网了。
现在连接一个IDC的MySQL服务器时,由于网络的隔离性,需要ssh到一台跳板机上才能直接访问MySQL,而我想在本地使用MySQLWorkbench这样的客户端直接连接到MySQL中。其解决方案是,先用ssh命令建立一个SSH Tunnel,然后MySQLWorkbench只需要连接本地的一个端口,即可与对应的远程MySQL建立连接。

假设跳板机为:192.168.1.1 (它可以与MySQL连通)
MySQL IP为:10.1.0.58 端口为:3306
建立SSH Tunnel的命令如下:

<span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;"># 建立SSH Tunnel</span>
jay<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">@</span>Jay-Air:~ <span style="color: #007800;">$ssh</span> <span style="color: #660033;">-f</span> jay<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">@</span>192.168.1.1 <span style="color: #660033;">-L</span> <span style="color: #000000;">2001</span>:10.1.0.58:<span style="color: #000000;">3306</span> <span style="color: #660033;">-N</span>
Warning: Permanently added <span style="color: #ff0000;">'192.168.1.1'</span> <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#40;</span>RSA<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#41;</span> to the list of known hosts.
jay<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">@</span>192.168.1.1<span style="color: #ff0000;">'s password: 
 
# 查一下在后台运行的ssh进程
jay@Jay-Air:~ $ps -ef | grep '</span><span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">ssh</span> <span style="color: #660033;">-f</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">' | grep -v grep
  501  9729 1   0  6:10PM ??  0:00.19 ssh -f jay@192.168.1.1 -L 2001:10.1.0.58:3306 -N</span>
Copy after login

ssh命令中,-f 表示让ssh在执行命令(这里没有配置执行任何命令)之前进入后台运行状态; -L 指定本地的一个端口(如这里的2001),它将会被转发到远程IP的一个端口(如:10.1.0.58:3306);-N 表示不执行远程命令,对于只做端口转发的场景非常有用。

在MySQLWorkbench中,将原来连接MySQL的IP和端口,配置为设置的本地SSH Tunnel即可(这里设置的是:localhost:2001)

补充说一下,在MySQLWorkbench中一直使用是正常的,而在用mysql命令连接时遇到了问题,如下:

jay<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">@</span>jay-linux:~$ mysql  <span style="color: #660033;">-P</span> <span style="color: #000000;">2001</span> <span style="color: #660033;">-u</span> qa <span style="color: #660033;">-p</span>
Enter password: 
ERROR <span style="color: #000000;">1045</span> <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #000000;">28000</span><span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#41;</span>: Access denied <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">for</span> user <span style="color: #ff0000;">'qa'</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">@</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">'localhost'</span> <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#40;</span>using password: YES<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#41;</span>
Copy after login

出现这个原因是,这样的命令默认连接localhost,会默认使用Unix socket方式连接;而使用SSH Tunnel这种情况应该使用TCP协议连接。
(mysql官网中的原文:For connections to localhost, MySQL programs attempt to connect to the local server by using a Unix socket file. )
所以,解决方法有如下两种:
1. 在mysql命令中添加“–protocol=TCP”参数指定连接协议,命令为:mysql -P 2001 -u qa -p –protocol=TCP
2. 将用127.0.0.1 IP来代替默认的localhost,命令为:mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 2001 -u qa -p

另外,参考资料中的第二个,讲了如何在Windows下用putty设置建立SSH Tunnel。

参考资料:

http://www.revsys.com/writings/quicktips/ssh-tunnel.html

http://davidngos.blogspot.com/2013/06/how-to-use-mysql-workbench-behind.html

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/connecting.html

Original article: MySQLWorkbench使用SSH Tunnel连接MySQL数据库

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