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Oracle中的一些查询语句及其执行顺序

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:42 PM

Oracle中的一些查询语句及其执行顺序 查询条件: 1)LIKE:模糊查询,需要借助两个通配符,%:表示0到多个字符;_:标识单个字符。

Oracle中的一些查询语句及其执行顺序

查询条件:

1)LIKE:模糊查询,,需要借助两个通配符,%:表示0到多个字符;_:标识单个字符。

2)IN(list):用来取出符合列表范围中的数据。

3)NOT IN(list): 取出不符合此列表中的数据记录。

4)BETWEEN…AND…:用来查询符合某个值域范围条件的数据,最常见的是使用在数字类型的数据范围上,但对字符类型和日期类型数据也同样适用。for example:    SELECT ename, sal FROM emp WHERE sal BETWEEN 1500 AND 3000;

5)IS NULL:空值NULL是一个特殊的值,比较的时候不能使用”=”号,必须使用IS NULL,否则不能得到正确的结果。

6)IS NOT NULL:与5相反。

7) >ANY : 大于最小  ALL:大于最大 

    for example:      SELECT empno, ename, job, sal, deptno FROM emp WHERE sal > ANY (345,3333,123)

8)DISTINCT:过滤重复。for example:  SELECT DISTINCT deptno FROM emp

9)ORDER BY:对查询出的数据按一定规则进行排序操作,ASC指定升序,DESC指定降序。

10)GROUP BY:把得到的数据按照给定的字段进行分组,例如:把整个数据表按部门划分成一个个小组。

11)HAVING:HAVING子句用来对分组后的结果进一步限制,比如按部门分组后,得到每个部门的最高薪水,可以继续限制输出结果。必须跟在GROUP BY后面,不能单独存在。例如: SELECT deptno, MAX(sal) max_sal FROM emp GROUP BY deptno HAVING MAX(sal) >4000;

查询语句的执行顺序:

1、FROM 子句:执行顺序为从后往前、从右到左。数据量较少的表尽量放在后面。

2、WHERE子句:执行顺序为自下而上、从右到左。将能过滤掉最大数量记录的条件写在WHERE 子句的最右。

3、GROUP BY:执行顺序从左往右分组,最好在GROUP BY前使用WHERE将不需要的记录在GROUP BY之前过滤掉。

4、HAVING 子句:消耗资源。尽量避免使用,HAVING 会在检索出所有记录之后才对结果集进行过滤,需要排序等操作。

5、SELECT子句:少用*号,尽量取字段名称。ORACLE 在解析的过程中, 通过查询数据字典将*号依次转换成所有的列名, 消耗时间。

6、ORDER BY子句:执行顺序为从左到右排序,消耗资源。

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