Home Database Mysql Tutorial Oracle初始化参数之memory_target

Oracle初始化参数之memory_target

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:44 PM

Oracle 9i引入pga_aggregate_target,可以自动对PGA进行调整;Oracle 10g引入sga_target,可以自动对SGA进行调整;Oracle 11g则对

一、引言:

    Oracle 9i引入pga_aggregate_target,可以自动对PGA进行调整;

    Oracle 10g引入sga_target,可以自动对SGA进行调整;

    Oracle 11g则对这两部分进行综合,引入memory_target,可以自动调整所有的内存,这就是新引入的自动内存管理特性。

二、本文说明:

      操作系统:rhel 5.4 x32

      数据库:oracle 11g r2

三、memory_target的介绍:

    3.1、下面通过示例了解一下memory_target的设置与PGA和SGA关系:

SQL> show parameter memory_target;

NAME                    TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
memory_target                big integer 316M
SQL> show sga;

Total System Global Area  330600448 bytes
Fixed Size            1336344 bytes
Variable Size          247466984 bytes
Database Buffers      75497472 bytes
Redo Buffers            6299648 bytes
SQL> alter system set memory_target=200m scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set sga_target=0 scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set pga_aggregate_target=0 scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  209235968 bytes
Fixed Size            1335528 bytes
Variable Size          201330456 bytes
Database Buffers        4194304 bytes
Redo Buffers            2375680 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

设置memory_target参数后,实际上Oracle会自动设置并调整一下两个参数来分配SGA和PGA的内存,这和Oracle 10g自动设置sga_target后分配db_cache_size和shared_pool_size的机制是一样的。

SQL> col ksppinm for a20;
SQL> col ksppstvl for a20;
SQL> select a.ksppinm name,b.ksppstvl value
  2    from x$ksppi a,x$ksppcv b
  3  where a.indx = b.indx
  4      and (a.ksppinm like '%sga_target%'
  5  or a.ksppinm like '%pga_aggregate_target%');

NAME                                VALUE
-----------------------    -------------------
sga_target                          0
__sga_target                    142606336
pga_aggregate_target                0
__pga_aggregate_target            67108864

3.2、讨论一下11g中memory_target设置和不设置对SGA/PGA的影响:

    3.2.1、如果memory_target设置为非0值

      (下面有四种情况来对SGA和PGA的大小进行分配)

      3.2.1.1、sga_target和pga_aggregate_target已经设置大小

        如果Oracle中已经设置了参数sga_target和pga_aggregate_target,则这两个参数将各自被分配为最小值为他们的目标值。

        memory_target = sga_target + pga_aggregate_target,大小和memory_max_size一致。

      3.2.1.2、sga_target设置大小,pga_aggregate_target没有设置大小

        那么pga_aggregate_target初始化值=memory_target-sga_target

      3.2.1.3、sga_target没有设置大小,pga_aggregate_target设置大小

        那么sga_target初始化值=memory_target-pga_aggregate_target

      3.2.1.4、sga_target和pga_aggregate_target都没有设置大小

        Oracle 11g中对这种sga_target和pag_aggregate_target都没有设定大小的情况下,,Oracle将对这两个值没有最小值和默认值。Oracle将根据数据库运行状况进行分配大小。但在数据库启动是会有一个固定比例来分配:

        sga_target = memory_target*60%

        pga_aggregate_target = memory_target*40%

    3.2.2、如果memory_target没有设置或 = 0(在11g中默认为0)

      11g中默认为0则初始状态下取消了memory_target的作用,完全和10g在内存管理上一致,完全向下兼容。(也有三种情况来对SGA和PGA的大小进行分配)

      3.2.2.1、sga_target设置值,则自动调节SGA中的shared pool,buffer cache,redo log buffer,java pool,larger pool等内存空间的大小。PGA则依赖pga_aggregate_target的大小。sga和pga不能自动增长和自动缩小。

      3.2.2.2、sga_target和pga_aggregate_target都没有设置

        SGA中的各组件大小都要明确设定,不能自动调整各组件大小。PGA不能自动增长和收缩。

      3.2.2.3、memory_max_target设置而memory_target = 0这种情况先和10g一样,不做说明。 

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