MongoDB单机, 主从, 分布式部署
主从配置是MongoDB特色之一,使之具备了容错,故障恢复等性能。主节点要声明master,从节点们要声明slave和--source。
MongoDB是最易用的NoSQL,比较适合取代MySQL做一些存储,不过不是强一致性的。本文介绍一下MongoDB各种部署方式,,并分享一些感受。前两部分“单机部署”和“主从部署”是“分片部署”的基础。
MongoDB单机部署
启动下载来的MongoDB包的bin目录下的mongod.exe即可打开MongoDB服务,可以添加的基本配置是:
./mongod.exe --dbpath ~/db/data --port 127.0.0.1:10000 --logpath ~/db/log
默认的端口是27017。启动的时候必须有一个data目录,让mongod读写数据。写入数据后,data目录里的文件如图:
.lock文件如果在下次启动时候还存在,需要删除才能成功启动。"article"和"config"是数据库名字,可以特别注意一下每个文件块的大小(16M, 32M, 64M, 128M)。
MongoDB主从部署
主从配置是MongoDB特色之一,使之具备了容错,故障恢复等性能。主节点要声明"master",从节点们要声明"slave"和"--source"。最简单的主从配置如下:
./mongod.exe --dbpath ~/db/master --port 10000 --master
./mongod.exe --dbpath ~/db/slave --port 10001 --slave --source localhost:10001
从节点直接从主节点同步数据,从节点之间不互相同步。容错性更强的部署是一个主从集群,互相都能成为“主节点”,叫做Replica Set。在Replica Set里会有一个活跃节点和若干个备份节点。配置的时候,整个Replica Set要取个名字,然后每台都要指明一个或几个伙伴:
./mongod.exe --dbpath ~/db/node1 --port 10001 --replSet setname/localhost:10002
./mongod.exe --dbpath ~/db/node2 --port 10002 --replSet setname/localhost:10001
./mongod.exe --dbpath ~/db/node3 --port 10003 --replSet setname/localhost:10001
谁成为活跃节点取决于优先级,优先级默认是1,也可以启动mongod进行设置(不具体介绍了),总之是内部的选举机制。

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