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Oracle中NULL值详解

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:48 PM
database

Oracle中NULL值详解,NULL表示UNKNOW(未知),其不代表任何值。例如一行中某列没有任何值即为NULL。

1、NULL是什么?
 NULL表示UNKNOW(未知),其不代表任何值。例如一行中某列没有任何值即为NULL。
 Oracle允许任何一种数据类型的字段为空,除了以下两种情况:
 1)主键字段(primary key),
 2)定义时已经加了NOT NULL限制条件的字段

2、NULL有什么用?
 1)NULL可用于条件判断:
  SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NULL;
  或
  SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NOT NULL;

3、使用NULL常见注意事项?
 1)判断列或变量是否为NULL,只能使用条件IS NULL 或 IS NOT NULL
 2)空值不能被索引
 3)NULL在排序操作中默认为最大值处理:
 SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY comm DESC;
 4)ORACLE中NULL和任何值算术运算结果为NULL
 #加减乘除操作:
 SELECT 1+NULL FROM DUAL;
 SELECT 1-NULL FROM DUAL;
 SELECT 1*NULL FROM DUAL;
 SELECT 1/NULL FORM DUAL;

5)NULL无法用比较运算符 例如 =、 != ,考虑以下语句块如何输出?
 DECLARE
  n1 VARCHAR2(20);
  n2 VARCHAR2(20) := 'a';
 BEGIN
    IF  n1 n2 THEN  --equivalent to NULL
        dbms_output.put_line('');
    ELSE
        dbms_output.put_line('=');
    END IF;
 END;

输出:=

6)工作中,尤其从事报表开发。在涉及数量、金额统计等SQL语句,,采用NVL函数忽略NULL值。

4、相关NULL函数用法介绍:
 1)NVL(p1,p2)函数,如果p1为空则返回p2,否则返回p1。关于上例语句块的处理可参看下例:
 DECLARE
  n1 VARCHAR2(20);
  n2 VARCHAR2(20) := 'a';
 BEGIN
    IF  nvl(n1,'xx') n2 THEN
        dbms_output.put_line('');
    ELSE
        dbms_output.put_line('=');
    END IF;
 END;

2)NVL2(p1,p2,p3)函数,如果p1非空则返回p2,否则返回p3:
 SELECT NVL2(NULL,1,2) FROM DUAL;
 SELECT NVL2(0,1,2) FROM DUAL;

3)NULLIF(p1,p2)函数, 如果p1=p2则返回NULL,否则返回p1:
 SELECT NULLIF(1,1) FROM DUAL;
 SELECT NULLIF(1,2) FROM DUAL;

4)COALESCE(p1,p2..Pn)函数,返回第一个非空值:
 
SELECT COALESCE(NULL,NULL,1,2,3) FROM DUAL;

Oracle使用order by排序NULL值如何处理

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Oracle中NULL与空字符串' '的区别

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