Oracle 10g 中的ROWID详解
Oracle 10g 中的ROWID详解,Oracle的ROWID用来唯一标识表中的一条记录,是这条数据在数据库中存放的物理地址。
首先使用select * from v$version; 查询Oracle数据库当前的版本
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
我们首先执行一条查询:
SQL> select rowid,employee_id,first_name,last_name,job_id
2 from employees
3 where rownum
ROWID EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME JOB_ID
------------------ ----------- -------------------- ------------------------- ----------
AAAMieAAFAAAABUAAA 198 Donald OConnell SH_CLERK
AAAMieAAFAAAABUAAB 199 Douglas Grant SH_CLERK
AAAMieAAFAAAABUAAC 200 Jennifer Whalen AD_ASST
AAAMieAAFAAAABUAAD 201 Michael Hartstein MK_MAN
AAAMieAAFAAAABUAAE 202 Pat Fay MK_REP
AAAMieAAFAAAABUAAF 203 Susan Mavris HR_REP
AAAMieAAFAAAABUAAG 204 Hermann Baer PR_REP
AAAMieAAFAAAABUAAH 205 Shelley Higgins AC_MGR
AAAMieAAFAAAABUAAI 206 William Gietz AC_ACCOUNT
AAAMieAAFAAAABYAAA 100 Steven King AD_PRES
已选择10行。
可以看到查询结果中所显示的ROWID的值。
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Oracle的ROWID用来唯一标识表中的一条记录,是这条数据在数据库中存放的物理地址。
Oracle的ROWID伪列的值并不存储在数据库中。Oracle在执行查询时计算其值。Oracle的物理扩展ROWID有18位,每位采用64位编码,分别用A~Z、a~z、0~9、+、/共64个字符表示。A表示0,B表示1,……Z表示25,a表示26,……z表示51,0表示52,……,9表示61,+表示62,/表示63。
通过DBMS_ROWID包可以把ROWID值转换成有意义的信息。
SQL> select dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid),employee_id
2 from employees
3 where employee_id=200;
DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(ROWID) EMPLOYEE_ID
------------------------------------ -----------
5 200
执行下面的查询,可以获得该数据存储的物理数据文件的信息:
SQL> col tablespace_name format a20;
SQL> col file_name format a80;
SQL> select file_name, tablespace_name from dba_data_files where relative_fno = 5;
FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\KEYMENDB\EXAMPLE01.DBF EXAMPLE
在SQL语句的SELECT和WHERE子句中都可以使用ROWID的值。大多数情况下,,ROWID唯一标识一行。然而,行有可能存储在同一个聚簇中的不同表中,因此包含具有相同ROWID的行。
理解ROWID首先需要理解它的两个方面:ROWID的特性和ROWID的结构。

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