Tcmalloc优化MySQL内存管理
与标准的glibc库的malloc相比,TCMalloc在内存的分配效率和速度要高,可以在高并发的情况下很好的控制内存的使用,提高服务器的性
TCMalloc是什么?
TCMalloc(Thread-Caching Malloc)与标准glibc库的malloc实现一样的功能,但是TCMalloc在效率和速度效率都比标准malloc高很多。TCMalloc是google-perftools工具中的一个(gperftools四个工具分别是:TCMalloc、heap-checker、heap-profiler和cpu-profiler),这个工具是开源的,以源码形式发布。如果觉得自己维护一个内存分配器麻烦的话,可以考虑将TCMalloc静态库连接到你的程序中。使用的时候和glibc中的malloc调用方式一模一样。你需要做的只是把TCMalloc的动态库或者静态库连接进你的程序中,你就可以获得一个高效,快速,安全的内存分配器。
与标准的glibc库的malloc相比,TCMalloc在内存的分配效率和速度要高,可以在高并发的情况下很好的控制内存的使用,提高服务器的性能,降低负载。TCMalloc的实现原理和测试报告请见一篇文章:《TCMalloc:线程缓存的Malloc》
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1、安装libunwind库:
如果系统是64位的需要先安装libunwind库,32位系统则不需要安装。
libunwind库为基于64位CPU和操作系统的程序提供了基本的堆栈辗转开解功能,其中包括用于输出堆栈跟踪的API用于以编程方式辗转开解堆栈的API以及支持C++异常处理机制的API。
# wget
# tar zxf libunwind-1.1.tar.gz
# cd libunwind-1.1CFLAGS=-fPIC ./configure
# make CFLAGS=-fPIC
# make CFLAGS=-fPIC install
# cd ..
注意:这里是使用默认配置安装的,默认路径为/usr/local,libunwind库应该是安装在/usr/local/lib目录下
2、gperftools的安装:
# wget
# tar xzf gperftools-2.1.tar.gz
# cd gperftools-2.1
可以加入参数只编译tcmalloc(./configure –enable-minimal、–disable-cpu-profiler、–disable-heap-profiler、–disable-heap-checker、–disable-debugalloc),,64位操作系统不安装libunwind也不会报错,注意生成的库文件是libtcmalloc_minimal.*
64位操作系统,如下
# ./configure
32位系统,不需要安装libunwind,但是一定要添加–enable-frame-pointers参数,如下
# ./configure --enable-frame-pointers
然后, make && make install
# make && make install
注意:这里也是使用默认配置安装的,默认路径为/usr/local,且Tcmalloc库也是是安装在/usr/local/lib目录下
安装完成之后,建议TCmaloc库加载到Linux系统中,具体操作如下:
# echo '/usr/local/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/local.conf
# /sbin/ldconfig #必须执行
3、使用TCMalloc优化MySQL
使用tcmalloc优化Mysql可以通过两种方法来实现,分别为:动态加载、静态编译
采用静态编译:
MySQL 5.1静态编译方法,./configure预编译时假设下面参数
--with-mysqld-ldflags=-ltcmalloc
MySQL 5.5静态编译方法,cmake预编译时加上下面参数
-DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="-ltcmalloc" -DWITH_SAFEMALLOC=OFF
采用动态加载:
动态加载比较方便,不需要重新安装mysql,只需要修改在mysqld_safe添加一条语句然后重启就行。具体操作如下:
# vim /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
···
export LD_PRELOAD="/usr/local/lib/libtcmalloc.so"
···
# service mysqld restart
注意:这里必须在LD_PRELOAD前面加上export,否则不生效。
或者采用以下方式
# sed -i 's@executing mysqld_safe@executing mysqld_safe\nexport LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libtcmalloc.so@' /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
# service mysqld restart
验证加载tcmalloc在MySQL中是否生效,如下:
[root@localhost bin]# lsof -n | grep tcmalloc
mysqld 3166 mysql mem REG 8,2 1853298 32406 /usr/local/lib/libtcmalloc.so.4.1.2
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