Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL修复坏表的方法

MySQL修复坏表的方法

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:51 PM
mysql skills database

有的时候因为掉电或者其他原因导致数据库损坏,我们可以使用MySQL自带的mysqlcheck命令来快速修复所有的数据库或者特定的数据库;例

有的时候因为掉电或者其他原因导致数据库损坏,我们可以使用MySQL自带的mysqlcheck命令来快速修复所有的数据库或者特定的数据库;例如

检查优化并修复所有的数据库用:

# mysqlcheck -A -o -r -p
Enter password:
database1 OK
database2 OK
----------
修复指定的数据库用
# mysqlcheck -A -o -r Database_NAME -p
即可
另外如果只是对某个表进行修复可以用:myisamchk或isamchk
其中myisamchk适用于MYISAM类型的数据表,而isamchk适用于ISAM类型的数据表。这两条命令的主要参数相同,一般新的系统都使用MYISAM作为缺省的数据表类型,这里以myisamchk为例子进行说明。当发现某个数据表出现问题时可以使用:
myisamchk tablename.MYI
进行检测,如果需要修复的话,可以使用:
myisamchk -of tablename.MYI
关于myisamchk的详细参数说明,可以参见它的使用帮助。需要注意的时在进行修改时必须确保MySQL服务器没有访问这个数据表,保险的情况下是最好在进行检测时把MySQL服务器Shutdown掉。
另外可以把下面的命令放在你的rc.local里面启动MySQL服务器前:
[ -x /tmp/mysql.sock ] && /pathtochk/myisamchk -of /DATA_DIR/*/*.MYI
其中的/tmp/mysql.sock是MySQL监听的Sock文件位置,对于使用RPM安装的用户应该是 /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock,对于使用源码安装则是/tmp/mysql.sock可以根据自己的实际情况进行变更,而 pathtochk则是myisamchk所在的位置,DATA_DIR是你的MySQL数据库存放的位置。

1,简单的修复模式
myisamchk -r -q path/数据库/坏表.MYI
注:-r ----恢复模式 -q ----快速修复

2,使用安全修复模式

myisamchk --safe-recover path/数据库/坏表.MYI

3,困难的修复模式

如果在索引文件的第一个16K块被破坏,或包含不正确的信息,或如果索引文件丢失,你只应该到这个阶段 。在这种情况下,创建一个新的索引文件是必要的。按如下这样做:

把数据文件移更安全的地方。
使用表描述文件创建新的(空)数据和索引文件:
shell> mysql db_name
mysql> Delete FROM tbl_name;
mysql> quit

将老的数据文件拷贝到新创建的数据文件之中。(不要只是将老文件移回新文件之中;你要保留一个副本以防某些东西出错。)
回到阶段2。现在myisamchk -r -q应该工作了。(这不应该是一个无限循环)。

4,非常困难的修复模式

只有描述文件也破坏了,你才应该到达这个阶段。这应该从未发生过,因为在表被创建以后,描述文件就不再改变了。

从一个备份恢复描述文件并且回到阶段3。你也可以恢复索引文件并且回到阶段2。对后者,,你应该用myisamchk -r启动。
如果你没有一个备份但是确切地知道表是怎样被创建的,在另一个数据库中创建表的一个拷贝。删除新的数据文件,然后从其他数据库将描述和索引文件移到破坏的数据库中。这给了你新的描述和索引文件,但是让数据文件独自留下来了。回到阶段2并且尝试重建索引文件。

5,优化表结构
myisamchk -r 表
也可以使用sql语句来优化OPTIMIZE TABLE

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