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Linux下的主要数据库简介

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:53 PM

数据库是Linux应用中的主要部分。Linux上的主要数据库包括:商业数据库: Oracle、Sybase、DB2、Informix;自由软件数据库: MySQL

数据库是Linux应用中的主要部分。Linux上的主要数据库包括:商业数据库: Oracle、Sybase、DB2、Informix;自由软件数据库: MySQL、PostgreSQL、Msql等。

商业数据库

由于商业数据库有很好的技术支持,这里只简单介绍一下。

(1) IBM DB2 ()

(2) Informix () Informix目前支持Linux是Informix SE,ESQL/C,Connect.

(3) Oracle () Oracle 目前支持Linux的是Oralce 8i 、9i。

(4) Sybase () Sybase 目前支持Linux的是Adaptive Server Enterprise 11.9.2 。

(5)Ingres () CA目前支持Linux的是 Ingres II数据库.

自由软件数据库

1、MySQL

MySQL是瑞典的T.c.X公司负责开发和维护的,它是一个真正的多用户、多线程SQL数据库服务器。MysQL是以一个客户机/服务器结构实现其功能的,它由一个服务器守护程序mysqld和很多不同的客户程序和库组成。SQL是一种标准化的语言,它使得存储、更新和存取信息更容易。MySQL主要特点是快速、健壮和易用。MySQL的官方发音是“My Ess Que Ell”(不是MY-SEQUEL)。目前MySQL的最新版本是4.04,MySQL的网址是:,MySQL的标志是一个小海豚。见图-1。

图-1

(1)MySQL的优点:

1. 它使用的核心线程是完全多线程,支持多处理器。

2.有多种列类型:1、2、3、4、和8字节长度自有符号/无符号整数、FLOAT、DOUBLE、CHAR、VARCHAR、TEXT、BLOB、DATE、TIME、DATETIME、 TIMESTAMP、YEAR、和ENUM类型。

3.它通过一个高度优化的类库实现SQL函数库并像他们能达到的一样快速,通常在查询初始化后不该有任何内存分配。没有内存漏洞。

4. 全面支持SQL的GROUP BY和ORDER BY子句,支持聚合函数(COUNT()、COUNT(DISTINCT)、AVG()、STD()、SUM()、MAX()和MIN())。你可以在同一查询中混来自不同数据库的表。

5. 支持ANSI SQL的LEFT 0UTER JOIN和ODBC。

6.所有列都有缺省值。你可以用INSERT插入一个表列的子集,那些没用明确给定值的列设置为他们的决省值。

7. MySQL可以工作在不同的平台上。支持C、C++、Java、Perl、PHP、Python和TCL API。

(2) MySQL的缺点:

1、 MySQL最大的缺点是其安全系统,主要是复杂而非标准,另外只有到调用mysqladmin来重读用户权限时才发生改变。

2、 MySQL的另一个主要的缺陷之一是缺乏标准的RI(Referential Integrity-RI)机制;Rl限制的缺乏(在给定字段域上的一种固定的范围限制)可以通过大量的数据类型来补偿。

3、 MySQL没有一种存储过程(Stored Procedure)语言,,这是对习惯于企业级数据库的程序员的最大限制。

4、 MySQL不支持热备份。

5、 MySQL的价格随平台和安装方式变化。Linux的MySQL如果由用户自己或系统管理员而不是第三方安装则是免费的,第三方案则必须付许可费。Unix或Linux 自行安装 免费 、Unix或Linux 第三方安装 200美元,

需要一个应用组件 200美元 。

linux

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