Linux下实现自动备份Oracle数据库
相信为数不少的系统管理员每天都在做着同一样的工作mdash;mdash;对数据进行备份。一旦哪一天疏忽了,而这一天系统又恰恰发
相信为数不少的系统管理员每天都在做着同一样的工作——对数据进行备份。一旦哪一天疏忽了,而这一天系统又恰恰发生了故障,需要进行数据恢复,那么此时就无能为力了。假如每天设定一个固定的时间,系统自动进行备份,那该多好啊!下面笔者结合实践经验,谈一谈UNIX环境下Oracle数据库的自动备份,以起到抛砖引玉的作用。
我们计划让数据库在晚上23点做export导出备份,在凌晨2点将备份文件拷贝到磁带上,在凌晨4点将备份文件拷贝到另一台UNIX机器上,为此我们可进行如下操作:
一、导出数据库
export命令将数据库中的数据备份成一个二进制文件,它通常有三种模式:用户模式、表模式和整个数据库模式。本文拟采用用户模式,备份之前,应先建立一个备份目录,以容纳备份文件,比如可建一个/backup目录。接着我们可在UNIX的Oracle目录下(也可以是其它目录)分别建立两个文件ora—backup,tar—backup。需要说明的是,前一个文件需要对Oracle的参数进行初始化,为了方便起见,我们不妨将初始化命令放到一个文件中(文件名姑且定为ora—env),再由第一个文件调用它。
1. ora—env文件对Oracle的参数进行初始化,其内容如下:
ORACLE—HOME=$ORACLE—HOME;export ORACLE—HOME
ORACLE—SID=ora73;export ORACLE—SID
ORACLE—TERM=sun;export ORACLE—TERM
LD—LIBRARY—PATH=$ORACLE—HOME/lib;export LD—LIBRARY—PATH
ORA—NLS32=$ORACLE—HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data;export ORA—NLS
PATH=.:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/ucb:$ORACLE—HOME/bin:$PATH;export PATH
DISPLAY=host1:0;export DISPLAY
NLS—LANG=american—america.zhs16cgb231280;export NLS—LANG
2. ora—backup文件对数据库做export导出,导出的文件名可以任意定,本文定为字母“xx”加当天日期,即假如当天日期是12月10号,则导出的文件名为“xx1210.dmp”,以区别于其它日期的备份文件。
ora—backup文件内容:
./oracle/ora—env
#初始化Oracle数据库
rq=′date +″%m%d″ ′
#把当天日期赋予变量rq
rm /backup/
# 清空 /backup目录
exp test/test file=/backup/xx$rq.dmp log=/backup/xx$rq.log
本命令用于在$提示符下,导出test用户的数据(其口令亦为test),,导出文件及日志均放在/backup目录下。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

The retention period of Oracle database logs depends on the log type and configuration, including: Redo logs: determined by the maximum size configured with the "LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST" parameter. Archived redo logs: Determined by the maximum size configured by the "DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE" parameter. Online redo logs: not archived, lost when the database is restarted, and the retention period is consistent with the instance running time. Audit log: Configured by the "AUDIT_TRAIL" parameter, retained for 30 days by default.

The function in Oracle to calculate the number of days between two dates is DATEDIFF(). The specific usage is as follows: Specify the time interval unit: interval (such as day, month, year) Specify two date values: date1 and date2DATEDIFF(interval, date1, date2) Return the difference in days

The Oracle database startup sequence is: 1. Check the preconditions; 2. Start the listener; 3. Start the database instance; 4. Wait for the database to open; 5. Connect to the database; 6. Verify the database status; 7. Enable the service (if necessary ); 8. Test the connection.

The INTERVAL data type in Oracle is used to represent time intervals. The syntax is INTERVAL <precision> <unit>. You can use addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operations to operate INTERVAL, which is suitable for scenarios such as storing time data and calculating date differences.

To find the number of occurrences of a character in Oracle, perform the following steps: Get the total length of a string; Get the length of the substring in which a character occurs; Count the number of occurrences of a character by subtracting the substring length from the total length.

Oracle database server hardware configuration requirements: Processor: multi-core, with a main frequency of at least 2.5 GHz. For large databases, 32 cores or more are recommended. Memory: At least 8GB for small databases, 16-64GB for medium sizes, up to 512GB or more for large databases or heavy workloads. Storage: SSD or NVMe disks, RAID arrays for redundancy and performance. Network: High-speed network (10GbE or higher), dedicated network card, low-latency network. Others: Stable power supply, redundant components, compatible operating system and software, heat dissipation and cooling system.

The amount of memory required by Oracle depends on database size, activity level, and required performance level: for storing data buffers, index buffers, executing SQL statements, and managing the data dictionary cache. The exact amount is affected by database size, activity level, and required performance level. Best practices include setting the appropriate SGA size, sizing SGA components, using AMM, and monitoring memory usage.

The method of replacing strings in Oracle is to use the REPLACE function. The syntax of this function is: REPLACE(string, search_string, replace_string). Usage steps: 1. Identify the substring to be replaced; 2. Determine the new string to replace the substring; 3. Use the REPLACE function to replace. Advanced usage includes: multiple replacements, case sensitivity, special character replacement, etc.
