浅谈应该如何理解Oracle的架构知识
1、物理结构Oracle物理结构由控制文件、数据文件、重做日志文件、参数文件、归档文件、口令文件组成一个数据库中的数据存储在磁盘
1、物理结构
Oracle物理结构由控制文件、数据文件、重做日志文件、参数文件、归档文件、口令文件组成
一个数据库中的数据存储在磁盘上物理文件，被使用时，调入内存。其中控制文件、数据文件、重做日志文件、跟踪文件及警告日志（trace files,alert files）属于数据库文件；参数文件（parameter file）口令文件（password file）是非数据库文件。
数据文件：存储数据的文件.数据文件典型地代表了根据他们使用的磁盘空间和数量所决定的一个Oracle数据库的容积。
由于性能原因，每一种类型的数据放在相应的一个或一系列文件中，将这些文件放在不同的磁盘中。
types:
.data dictionary .data
.redo data .index
.temporary data 等等
控制文件：包含维护和验证数据库完整性的必要信息、例如，控制文件用于识别数据文件和重做日志文件，一个数据库至少需要一个控制文件.
控制文件内容
◆数据库名
◆表空间信息
◆所有数据文件的名字和位置
◆所有redo日志文件的名字和位置
◆当前的日志序列号
◆检查点信息
◆关于redo日志和归档的当前状态信息
控制文件的使用过程
控制文件把Oracle引导到数据库文件的其它部分。启动一个实例时，Oracle 从参数文件中读取控制文件的名字和位置。安装数据库时，Oracle 打开控制文件。最终打开数据库时，Oracle 从控制文件中读取数据文件的列表并打开其中的每个文件。
重做日志文件
含对数据库所做的更改记录，这样万一出现故障可以启用数据恢复。一个数据库至少需要两个重做日志文件.
跟踪文件及警告日志(Trace Files and Alert Files)
在instance 中运行的每一个后台进程都有一个跟踪文件（trace file）与之相连。Trace file 记载后台进程所遇到的重大事件的信息。
警告日志（ Alert Log）是一种特殊的跟踪文件，，每个数据库都有一个跟踪文件,同步记载数据库的消息和错误.
参数文件：包括大量影响Oracle数据库实例功能的设定，如以下设定：
◆数据库控制文件的定位
◆Oracle用来缓存从磁盘上读取的数据的内存数量
◆默认的优化程序的选择.
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