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MySQL 备份和恢复(二)基于LVM实现几乎热备

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:54 PM
mysql backup recover

LVM(LogicalVolumeManagement逻辑卷管理)实现几乎热备的原理:利用LVM的快照卷达到可以保存数据库在某一时刻的瞬时状态,只需把当时的快照备份出来即可。LVM的

LVM(Logical Volume Management逻辑卷管理)实现几乎热备的原理:利用LVM的快照卷达到可以保存数据库在某一时刻的瞬时状态,只需把当时的快照备份出来即可。


LVM的快照原理:简单的讲就是lvm对某个卷创建快照卷后,快照卷则作为原卷的另一个访问入口,当原卷的数据发生变化时,则先把原卷的内容先复制一份到快照卷,然后才会继续对原卷数据的修改,这也就是之所以快照卷的容量大小应该大于整个备份过程中数据库的变化量的原因。所以当备份完成以后,快照卷也就可以拆除了,它的作用就是在备份过程中把发生变化的数据的快照时状态先拷贝过来一个副本。


用lvm对mysql备份的前提:数据文件和事务日志文件应该在同一个卷上,否则快照卷数据和事务日志时间点不一致,恢复后会引起数据库错乱。


原理明白了,操作起来就比较简单了:

当然要首先准备好lvm卷且保证mysql的datadir和innodb_log_group_home_dir在这个卷上


/* 创建一张新表tb1,并插入一些数据以做测试 */ MariaDB [hellodb]> CREATE TABLE tb1(id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,Name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,Gender ENUM('F','M','O') NOT NULL); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> DESC tb1; +--------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field  | Type              | Null | Key | Default | Extra          | +--------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id     | int(11)           | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment | | Name   | varchar(30)       | NO   |     | NULL    |                | | Gender | enum('F','M','O') | NO   |     | NULL    |                | +--------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> INSERT INTO tb1 (Name,Gender) VALUES ('Bob','M'),('Tina','F'),('Axx','O'); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0 /* 备份前为所有表加读锁,查看一下当前二进制日志位置 */ MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000007 |      245 |              |                  | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)

 

/* 再开一个终端,前面mysql会话不要退出 */ [root@node1 ~]# mkdir /backup/mydata-`date +%F` /* 也可以将当前二进制位置保存到文件,以备恢复时查看 */ [root@node1 ~]# mysql -e 'SHOW MASTER STATUS;' > /backup/mydata-2014-07-29/bin-pos-`date +%F-%T` /* 保证有可用的vg */ [root@node1 ~]# vgs   VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree   myvg   2   1   0 wz--n- 10.02g 7.02g   vg0    3   1   0 wz--n- 29.29g    0  /* 创建快照卷,-L | --size (LogicalVolumeSize) 指定快照卷大小,一定不可以比变化量小,否则会引起快照卷崩溃,备份失败; -n | --name 指定快照卷名字; -p | --permission 指定快照卷权限 r只读, -s --snap-shot /dev/myvg/mylv 指定要对/dev/myvg/mylv创建快照卷  如果此时数据库服务器比较繁忙,则需要等待正在提交的日志刷写到磁盘等,,可能会需要一定等待时间*/ [root@node1 ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -n mydata-snap -p r -s /dev/myvg/mylv    Logical volume "mydata-snap" created [root@node1 ~]# mkdir /mnt/snap [root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mydata-snap /mnt/snap/ mount: block device /dev/mapper/myvg-mydata--snap is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@node1 ~]# cd /mnt/snap/ [root@node1 snap]# ls data  lost+found [root@node1 snap]# ls data/ aria_log.00000001  ib_logfile0  mysql-bin.000001  mysql-bin.000005  node1.bob.org.err aria_log_control   ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000002  mysql-bin.000006  node1.bob.org.pid hellodb            mydb         mysql-bin.000003  mysql-bin.000007  performance_schema ibdata1            mysql        mysql-bin.000004  mysql-bin.index   test [root@node1 snap]# cp -ap /mnt/snap/data/ /backup/mydata-2014-07-29/ [root@node1 snap]# ls /backup/mydata-2014-07-29/data/ aria_log.00000001  ib_logfile0  mysql-bin.000001  mysql-bin.000005  node1.bob.org.err aria_log_control   ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000002  mysql-bin.000006  node1.bob.org.pid hellodb            mydb         mysql-bin.000003  mysql-bin.000007  performance_schema ibdata1            mysql        mysql-bin.000004  mysql-bin.index   test

 

备份完成回到mysql会话,解锁表

MariaDB [(none)]> UNLOCK TABLES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

这样一个基于lvm快照的mysql备份就完成了,然后还可以结合二进制日志做增量备份和恢复等,可参照前一篇文章 MySQL 备份和恢复(一)mysqldump



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