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详谈Oracle优化CPU使用率

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:56 PM
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本人很喜欢Oracle,在工作中也很喜欢总结关于Oracle优化CPU使用率的经验教训,下面就这个问题来详细说说吧。CPU是服务器的一

  本人很喜欢Oracle,在工作中也很喜欢总结关于Oracle优化CPU使用率的经验教训,下面就这个问题来详细说说吧。CPU是服务器的一项重要资源,服务器良好的工作状态是在工作高峰时CPU的使用率在90%以上。如果空闲时间Oracle优化CPU使用率就在90%以上,说明服务器缺乏CPU资源;如果工作高峰时Oracle优化CPU使用率仍然很低,说明服务器CPU资源还比较富余。

  查看Oracle优化CPU使用率

  使用操作相同命令可以看到CPU的使用情况,一般Unix操作系统的服务器,可以使用“sar u”命令查看Oracle优化CPU使用率,Windows NT操作系统的服务器,可以使用性能管理器来查看CPU的使用率。

  查看数据库使用CPU的时间

  可以通过查看V$SYSSTAT数据字典中“CPU used by this session”统计项得知Oracle数据库使用的CPU时间,查看“OS User level CPU time”统计项得知操作系统的用户态下CPU时间,查看“OS System call CPU time”统计项得知操作系统的系统态下CPU时间,操作系统总的CPU时间就是用户态和系统态时间之和。如果Oracle数据库使用的CPU时间占操作系统总的CPU时间90%以上,,说明服务器CPU基本上被Oracle数据库使用着。反之,则说明服务器CPU被其它程序占用过多,Oracle数据库无法得到更多的CPU时间。

  数据库管理员还可以通过查看V$SYSSTAT数据字典来获得当前连接Oracle数据库各个会话占用的CPU时间,从而得知什么会话耗用服务器CPU比较多。出现CPU资源不足的情况是很多的,SQL语句的重解析、低效率的SQL语句、锁冲突都会引起CPU资源不足。

  查看SQL语句的解析情况

  数据库管理员可以执行下述语句来查看SQL语句的解析情况:

  SELECT * FROM V$SYSSTAT

  WHERE NAME IN

  ('parse time cpu', 'parse time elapsed', 'parse count (hard)');

  这里“parse time cpu”是系统服务时间,“parse time elapsed”是响应时间,用户等待时间waite time = parse time elapsed - parse time cpu。

  由此可以得到用户SQL语句平均解析等待时间=waite time / parse count。这个平均等待时间应该接近于0,如果平均解析等待时间过长,数据库管理员可以通过下述语句来发现是什么SQL语句解析效率比较低。

  SELECT SQL_TEXT, PARSE_CALLS, EXECUTIONS FROM V$SQLAREA

  ORDER BY PARSE_CALLS;

  程序员可以优化这些语句,或者增加Oracle参数SESSION_CACHED_CURSORS的值。以上介绍Oracle优化CPU使用率。

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