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Oracle SQL 中的IN EXISTS 比较

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:58 PM
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在Oracle SQL中取数据时有时要用到in 和 exists 那么他们有什么区别呢?1 性能上的比较比如Select * from T1 where x in ( selec

在Oracle SQL中取数据时有时要用到in 和 exists 那么他们有什么区别呢?

1 性能上的比较
比如Select * from T1 where x in ( select y from T2 )
执行的过程相当于:
select *
from t1, ( select distinct y from t2 ) t2
where t1.x = t2.y;

相对的

select * from t1 where exists ( select null from t2 where y = x )
执行的过程相当于:
for x in ( select * from t1 )
   loop
      if ( exists ( select null from t2 where y = x.x )
      then
         OUTPUT THE RECORD
      end if
end loop
表 T1 不可避免的要被完全扫描一遍

分别适用在什么情况?
以子查询 ( select y from T2 )为考虑方向
如果子查询的结果集很大需要消耗很多时间,但是T1比较小执行( select null from t2 where y = x.x )非常快,那么exists就比较适合用在这里
相对应得子查询的结果集比较小的时候就应该使用in.

2 含义上的比较
在标准的scott/tiger用户下

    EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

1 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981/02/20 1600.00 300.00 30

2 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981/02/22 1250.00 500.00 30

3 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/04/02 2975.00 20

4 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981/09/28 1250.00 1400.00 30

5 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/05/01 2850.00 30

6 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981/06/09 2450.00 10

7 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987/04/19 3000.00 20

8 7839 KING PRESIDENT   1981/11/17 5000.00 10

9 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981/09/08 1500.00 0.00 30

10 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987/05/23 1100.00 20

11 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981/12/03 950.00 30

12 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/03 3000.00 20

13 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982/01/23 1300.00   10


执行
SQL> select count(*) from emp where empno not in ( select mgr from emp );
COUNT(*)
----------
         0
SQL> select count(*) from emp T1
2 where not exists ( select null from emp T2 where t2.mgr = t1.empno ); -- 这里子查询中取出null并没有什么特殊作用,,只是表示取什么都一样。
COUNT(*)
----------
         8
结果明显不同,问题就出在MGR=null的那条数据上。任何值X not in (null) 结果都不成立。
用一个小例子试验一下:
select * from dual where dummy not in ( NULL ) -- no rows selected
select * from dual where NOT( dummy not in ( NULL ) ) --no rows selected
知觉上这两句SQL总有一句会取出数据的,但是实际上都没有。SQL中逻辑表达式的值可以有三种结果(true false null)而null相当于false.

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