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Oracle 百万行数据查询优化

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:03 PM
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1.对查询进行优化,应尽量避免全表扫描,首先应考虑在 where 及 order by 涉及的列上建立索引。2.应尽量避免在 where 子句中对字

1.对查询进行优化,应尽量避免全表扫描,首先应考虑在 where 及 order by 涉及的列上建立索引。

2.应尽量避免在 where 子句中对字段进行 null 值判断,否则将导致引擎放弃使用索引而进行全表扫描,如:

select id from t where num is null

可以在num上设置默认值0,,确保表中num列没有null值,然后这样查询:

select id from t where num=0

3.应尽量避免在 where 子句中使用!=或操作符,否则将引擎放弃使用索引而进行全表扫描。

4.应尽量避免在 where 子句中使用 or 来连接条件,否则将导致引擎放弃使用索引而进行全表扫描,如:

select id from t where num=10 or num=20

可以这样查询:

select id from t where num=10

union all

select id from t where num=20

5.in 和 not in 也要慎用,否则会导致全表扫描,如:

select id from t where num in(1,2,3)

对于连续的数值,能用 between 就不要用 in 了:

select id from t where num between 1 and 3

6.下面的查询也将导致全表扫描:

select id from t where name like '%abc%'

若要提高效率,可以考虑全文检索。

7.如果在 where 子句中使用参数,也会导致全表扫描。因为SQL只有在运行时才会解析局部变量,但优化程序不能将访问计划的选择推迟到运行时;它必须在编译时进行选择。然而,如果在编译时建立访问计划,变量的值还是未知的,因而无法作为索引选择的输入项。如下面语句将进行全表扫描:

select id from t where num=@num

可以改为强制查询使用索引:

select id from t with(index(索引名)) where num=@num

8.应尽量避免在 where 子句中对字段进行表达式操作,这将导致引擎放弃使用索引而进行全表扫描。如:

select id from t where num/2=100

应改为:

select id from t where num=100*2

9.应尽量避免在where子句中对字段进行函数操作,这将导致引擎放弃使用索引而进行全表扫描。如:

select id from t where substring(name,1,3)='abc'--name以abc开头的id

select id from t where datediff(day,createdate,'2005-11-30')=0--‘2005-11-30’生成的id

应改为:

select id from t where name like 'abc%'

select id from t where createdate>='2005-11-30' and createdate

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