关闭和启动Oracle的几种方法总结
关闭和启动Oracle的几种方法总结：有以下几种启动方式：1、startup nomount非安装启动，这种方式启动下可执行：重建控制文件、重
关闭和启动Oracle的几种方法总结：
有以下几种启动方式：
1、startup nomount
非安装启动，这种方式启动下可执行：重建控制文件、重建数据库
读取init.ora文件，启动instance，即启动SGA和后台进程，这种启动只需要init.ora文件。
2、startup mount dbname
安装启动，这种方式启动下可执行：
数据库日志归档、
数据库介质恢复、
使数据文件联机或脱机，
重新定位数据文件、重做日志文件。
执行“nomount”，然后打开控制文件，确认数据文件和联机日志文件的位置，
但此时不对数据文件和日志文件进行校验检查。
3、startup open dbname
先执行“nomount”，然后执行“mount”，再打开包括Redo log文件在内的所有数据库文件，
这种方式下可访问数据库中的数据。
4、startup
等于以下三个命令
startup nomount
alter database mount
alter database open
5、startup restrict
约束方式启动
这种方式能够启动数据库，，但只允许具有一定特权的用户访问
非特权用户访问时，会出现以下提示：
ERROR：
ORA-01035: ORACLE 只允许具有 RESTRICTED SESSION 权限的用户使用
6、startup force
强制启动方式
当不能关闭数据库时，可以用startup force来完成数据库的关闭
先关闭数据库，再执行正常启动数据库命令
7、startup pfile=参数文件名
带初始化参数文件的启动方式
先读取参数文件，再按参数文件中的设置启动数据库
例：startup pfile=E:Oracleadminoradbpfileinit.ora
8、startup EXCLUSIVE
有三种关闭方式：
1、shutdown normal
正常方式关闭数据库。
2、shutdown immediate
立即方式关闭数据库。
在SVRMGRL中执行shutdown immediate，数据库并不立即关闭，
而是在Oracle执行某些清除工作后才关闭（终止会话、释放会话资源），
当使用shutdown不能关闭数据库时，shutdown immediate可以完成数据库关闭的操作。
3、shutdown abort
直接关闭数据库，正在访问数据库的会话会被突然终止，
如果数据库中有大量操作正在执行，这时执行shutdown abort后，重新启动数据库需要很长时间
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