Oracle 文件损坏及恢复的过程

一、基本情况 OS：RHEL 3 CPU：4个Intel(R) Xeon(TM) MP CPU 2.70GHz Mem：8G Swap：16G Disk：120G Or

一、基本情况

    OS：RHEL 3

    CPU：4个Intel(R) Xeon(TM) MP CPU 2.70GHz

    Mem：8G

    Swap：16G

    Disk：120G

    Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.3.0

二、备份方式

    数据库以archive模式运行，RMAN多级增量备份。策略如下：

    设置控制文件自动备份。

    每三个月做一个数据库的全备份（包括所有得数据库和只读表空间）,并备份归档日志。

    每一个月做一次零级备份（不包含只读表空间），并备份归档日志。

    每周做一次一级备份，并备份归档日志。

    每天做一次二级备份，并备份归档日志。

 

三、 恢复案例

    所有恢复的前提：已经做过数据库全备份（包括归档日志），控制文件和spfile自动备份。

1． 损坏一个数据文件

    （1）故障模拟

        删除数据文件：rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/users01.dbf

        关闭数据库：shutdown immediate;

        ORA-01116: error in opening database file 4

        ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/users01.dbf'

        ORA-27041: unable to open file

        Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

        Additional information: 3

        强行关闭：sutdown abort;

        启动数据库：startup;

        ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file

        ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/users01.dbf'

    （2）恢复步骤

        rman target sys@dbnms catalog rmanuser@cata

        run{

            allocate channel c1 type disk;

            restore datafile 4;

            recover datafile 4;

            sql 'alter database datafile 4 online';

            sql 'alter database open';

            release channel c1;

            }

        sqlplus sys as sysdba

        select instance_name,status from v$instance;

        INSTANCE_NAME STATUS

        ---------------- ------------

        dbnms OPEN

恢复成功

如果：数据空间没有备份，，又要强行启动数据库

Sql> shutdown immediate;

Sql>startup mount;

Sql>alter database datafile '/oradata/test.dbf'' offline drop;

Sql>alter database open;

2． 损坏全部数据文件

    （1）故障模拟

        删除数据文件：rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/*.dbf

        强行关闭：sutdown abort;

        启动数据库：startup;

        ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file

        ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/system01.dbf'

    （2）恢复步骤

        rman target sys@dbnms catalog rmanuser@cata

        run{

            allocate channel c1 type disk;

            restore database;

            recover database;

            sql 'alter database open';

            release channel c1;

            }

        sqlplus sys as sysdba

        select instance_name,status from v$instance;

        INSTANCE_NAME STATUS

        ---------------- ------------

        dbnms OPEN

        恢复临时文件：

        alter database tempfile '/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf' drop;

        alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf' size 50M autoextend on next 5M maxsize unlimited;

恢复成功

3． 损坏非当前联机日志成员

    （1）故障模拟

         删除日志文件：rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log

        关闭数据库：shutdown immediate;

        启动数据库：startup;

        select * from v$logfile;--可以考虑从v$log视图中去查找

        GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_

        ---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------ ---

        3 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo03.log NO

        2 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo02.log NO

        1 INVALID ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log NO

        1 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo11.log NO

        1 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo21.log NO

        2 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo12.log NO

        3 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo13.log NO

        2 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo22.log NO

        3 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo23.log NO

        4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo31.log NO

        4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo32.log NO

        GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_

        ---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------ ---

        4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo33.log NO

    （2）恢复步骤

        alter database drop logfile member '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log';

        alter database add logfile member '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log' to group 1;

恢复成功