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Oracle查询语句优化

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:08 PM
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Oracle查询语句优化,用IN写出来的SQL的优点是比较容易写及清晰易懂,这比较适合现代软件开发的风格。但是用IN的SQL性能总是比较

IN操作符

用IN写出来的SQL的优点是比较容易写及清晰易懂,这比较适合现代软件开发的风格。但是用IN的SQL性能总是比较低的,从Oracle执行的步骤来分析用IN的SQL与不用IN的SQL有以下区别:ORACLE试图将其转换成多个表的连接,如果转换不成功则先执行IN里面的子查询,再查询外层的表记录,如果转换成功则直接采用多个表的连接方式查询。由此可见用IN的SQL至少多了一个转换的过程。一般的SQL都可以转换成功,但对于含有分组统计等方面的SQL就不能转换了。

推荐方案:在业务密集的SQL当中尽量不采用IN操作符。

NOT IN操作符

此操作是强列推荐不使用的,因为它不能应用表的索引。

推荐方案:用NOTEXISTS或(外连接+判断为空)方案代替

操作符(不等于)

不等于操作符是永远不会用到索引的,因此对它的处理只会产生全表扫描。

推荐方案:用其它相同功能的操作运算代替,如

a0 改为 a>0 or a

a’’改为a>’’

ISNULL或ISNOTNULL操作(判断字段是否为空)

判断字段是否为空一般是不会应用索引的,因为B树索引是不索引空值的。

推荐方案:用其它相同功能的操作运算代替,如 aisnotnull改为a>0或a>’’等。不允许字段为空,而用一个缺省值代替空值,如业扩申请中状态字段不允许为空,缺省为申请。建立位图索引(有分区的表不能建,位图索引比较难控制,如字段值太多索引会使性能下降,多人更新操作会增加数据块锁的现象)

>及

大于或小于操作符一般情况下是不用调整的,因为它有索引就会采用索引查找,但有的情况下可以对它进行优化,如一个表有100万记录,,一个数值型字段A,30万记录的A=0,30万记录的A=1,39万记录的A=2,1万记录的A=3。那么执行A>2与A>=3的效果就有很大的区别了,因为A>2时ORACLE会先找出为2的记录索引再进行比较,而A>=3时ORACLE则直接找到=3的记录索引。

LIKE操作符

LIKE操作符可以应用通配符查询,里面的通配符组合可能达到几乎是任意的查询,但是如果用得不好则会产生性能上的问题,如LIKE‘%5400%’这种查询不会引用索引,而LIKE‘X5400%’则会引用范围索引。一个实际例子:用YW_YHJBQK表中营业编号后面的户标识号可来查询营业编号YY_BHLIKE‘%5400%’这个条件会产生全表扫描,如果改成YY_BHLIKE’X5400%’ORYY_BHLIKE’B5400%’则会利用YY_BH的索引进行两个范围的查询,性能肯定大大提高。

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