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我整理的PHP 7.0主要新特性_php实例

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Release: 2016-06-07 17:09:55
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截止到目前为止,PHP官方已经发布了php7的RC5版本,预计在11月份左右会发布第一个正式版本!现在来说php7的重大特性肯定已经是定型了,不会再有什么变动了。后续一些版本的迭代主要也就是修修bug,优化之类的。下面就来说话我们一直期待的php7.0新特征吧。

1.标量参数类型声明

现在支持字符串(string)、整型(int)、浮点数(float)、及布尔型(bool)参数声明,以前只支持类名、接口、数组及Callable
两种风格:强制转换模式(默认)与严格模式

<&#63;php
// Coercive mode
function sumOfInts(int ...$ints)
{
return array_sum($ints);
}
var_dump(sumOfInts(2, '3', 4.1)); 
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2.返回类型声明

<&#63;php
function arraysSum(array ...$arrays): array
{
return array_map(function(array $array): int {
return array_sum($array);
}, $arrays);
}
print_r(arraysSum([1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9])); 
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3.??运算符

?? 用于替代需要isset的场合,这是一个语法糖。

<&#63;php
// Fetches the value of $_GET['user'] and returns 'nobody'
// if it does not exist.
$username = $_GET['user'] &#63;&#63; 'nobody';
// This is equivalent to:
$username = isset($_GET['user']) &#63; $_GET['user'] : 'nobody';
// Coalescing can be chained: this will return the first
// defined value out of $_GET['user'], $_POST['user'], and
// 'nobody'.
$username = $_GET['user'] &#63;&#63; $_POST['user'] &#63;&#63; 'nobody'; 
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4.<=> 比较运算符

就是看两个表达式值的大小,三种关系: = 返回0、< 返回-1、 > 返回 1

<&#63;php
// Integers
echo 1 <=> 1; // 0
echo 1 <=> 2; // -1
echo 2 <=> 1; // 1
// Floats
echo 1.5 <=> 1.5; // 0
echo 1.5 <=> 2.5; // -1
echo 2.5 <=> 1.5; // 1
// Strings
echo "a" <=> "a"; // 0
echo "a" <=> "b"; // -1
echo "b" <=> "a"; // 1 
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5.define支持定义数组类型的值

php 5.6已经支持CONST 语法定义数组类的常量,PHP7中支持define语法。

<&#63;php
define('ANIMALS', [
'dog',
'cat',
'bird'
]);
echo ANIMALS[1]; // outputs "cat" 
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6.匿名类

<&#63;php
interface Logger {
public function log(string $msg);
}
class Application {
private $logger;
public function getLogger(): Logger {
return $this->logger;
}
public function setLogger(Logger $logger) {
$this->logger = $logger;
}
}
$app = new Application;
$app->setLogger(new class implements Logger {
public function log(string $msg) {
echo $msg;
}
});
var_dump($app->getLogger()); 
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7.增加了整除函数 intdiv

小结:

PHP 7在性能方面的突破成为近来最热门的话题之一,目前官方PHP 7.0.0 Beta 2已经发布

新特性

性能提升:PHP 7要比PHP 5.6快两倍

全面一致的64位支持

移除了一些老的不在支持的SAPI(服务器端应用编程端口)和扩展

新增了空接合操作符(??)

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