Home Database Mysql Tutorial SQL语句执行顺序

SQL语句执行顺序

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:10 PM
oracle sql database

一、sql语句的执行步骤:1)语法分析,分析语句的语法是否符合规范,衡量语句中各表达式的意义。 2) 语义分析,检查语句中涉及的

一、sql语句的执行步骤:
1)语法分析,分析语句的语法是否符合规范,衡量语句中各表达式的意义。
2) 语义分析,检查语句中涉及的所有数据库对象是否存在,且用户有相应的权限。
3)视图转换,将涉及视图的查询语句转换为相应的对基表查询语句。
4)表达式转换, 将复杂的 SQL 表达式转换为较简单的等效连接表达式。
5)选择优化器,不同的优化器一般产生不同的“执行计划”
6)选择连接方式, Oracle 有三种连接方式,对多表连接 ORACLE 可选择适当的连接方式。
7)选择连接顺序, 对多表连接 ORACLE 选择哪一对表先连接,选择这两表中哪个表做为源数据表。
8)选择数据的搜索路径,根据以上条件选择合适的数据搜索路径,如是选用全表搜索还是利用索引或是其他的方式。
9)运行“执行计划”
二、oracle 共享原理:
ORACLE将执行过的SQL语句存放在内存的共享池(shared buffer pool)中,,可以被所有的数据库用户共享 当你执行一个SQL语句(有时被称为一个游标)时,如果它和之前的执行过的语句完全相同, ORACLE就能很快获得已经被解析的语句以及最好的 执行路径. 这个功能大大地提高了SQL的执行性能并节省了内存的使用
三、oracle 语句提高查询效率的方法:1: where column in(select * from ... where ...); 2:... where exists (select 'X' from ...where ...); 第二种格式要远比第一种格式的效率高。在Oracle中可以几乎将所有的IN操作符子查询改写为使用EXISTS的子查询 使用EXIST,Oracle系统会首先检查主查询,然后运行子查询直到它找到第一个匹配项,这就节省了时间 Oracle系统在执行IN子查询时,首先执行子查询,并将获得的结果列表存放在在一个加了索引的临时表中 避免使用having字句 避免使用HAVING子句, HAVING 只会在检索出所有记录之后才对结果集进行过滤. 这个处理需要排序,总计等操作. 如果能通过WHERE子句限制记录的数目,那就能减少这方面的开销

SQL Select语句完整的执行顺序:

1、from子句组装来自不同数据源的数据;
2、where子句基于指定的条件对记录行进行筛选;
3、group by子句将数据划分为多个分组;
4、使用聚集函数进行计算;
5、使用having子句筛选分组;
6、计算所有的表达式;
7、使用order by对结果集进行排序。

列子:

1.select 列列表 from 表列表名/视图列表名 where 条件.

2.select 列列表 from 表列表名/视图列表名 where 条件 group by (列列表) having 条件

3.select 列列表 from 表列表名/视图列表名 where 条件 group by (列列表) having 条件 order by 列列表

4.select 列列表 from 表1 join 表2 on 表1.列1=表2.列1...join 表n on 表n.列1=表(n-1).列1 where 表1.条件 and 表2.条件...表n.

执行顺序:

1. 先where 后select

2. 先where 再group 再having 后select

3. 先where 再group 再having 再select 后order

4. 先join 再where 后select

SQL Select语句完整的执行顺序:

1、from子句组装来自不同数据源的数据;
2、where子句基于指定的条件对记录行进行筛选;
3、group by子句将数据划分为多个分组;
4、使用聚集函数进行计算;
5、使用having子句筛选分组;
6、计算所有的表达式;
7、使用order by对结果集进行排序。

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