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深入理解PHP变量的值类型和引用类型_php实例

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:11 PM

在PHP中,大部分变量类型,如字符串,整型,浮点,数组等都是值类型的,而类和对象是引用类型,在使用的时候,需要注意这一点。

看到网友在讨论PHP的&符号,要彻底理解它的用法,就有必要讨论一下变量的两种形式。

PHP的变量在内存中是这样存储的,变量保存的并不直接是值的内容,而是地址。例如:

$a = 1;
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我们看起来,似乎变量$a直接存储了 1 这个值。而实际情况是,PHP解释器创建了变量$a,将值:1 存入内存中的某个地方,再将值的地址存到变量$a中。

需要取值时,先找到变量$a中的地址,再根据地址找到变量的值。

往下看:

echo $a;
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会输出1,PHP解释器会这样完成这一样代码:找到$a中存储的地址,根据地址找到存在内存某个地方的值,输出到屏幕。

看似一行简单的代码,流程却是这样的。

再往下看:

$a = 1;
$b = &$a;
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这里的变量$b 做了一个有趣的操作,&符号取出了$a变量中存储的地址,并存储到$b变量。

那么,如果使用下面代码:

echo $b;
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结果也将是输出1,PHP解释器先取出$b中存储的地址,再根据地址找到值。如果我们做下面的操作:

$a = 2;
echo $b; //输出2
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会发现改变$a的值,$b也跟着变了。其实反过来,改变$b的值,$a的值也会跟这变。

到这一步,我们可以确定,变量$a和$b存储了相同的地址,指向的值是一样的。

那么,我们可以得出结论:它们表示的是同一个变量。

进一步总结,可以得出:如果两个变量存储了相同的地址,它们就是同一个变量。

了解了着一些内容,我们开始介绍值类型和引用类型。

我们先看下面的代码:

$a = 1;
$b = $a;
$a = 2;
echo $b; //输出 1
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将$a的值赋给$b,改变$a的值后,$b的值依然不变,也就是说$a和$b是两个不同的变量,指向不同的地址。这种赋值时会创建不同的变量的形式我们称之为值类型。

再看:

class User{
 public $name = ‘Tome‘;
}
$a = new User;
$b = $a;
$a->name = ‘Jim‘;
echo $b->name; //输出 Jim
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同样将$a的值赋给$b,改变$a后,$b也跟着变了,也就是说$a和$b是同一个变量,指向相同的地址。这种赋值时不会创建新的变量的形式我们称之为引用类型。

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