Oracle基础教程:聚集、分组、行转列
多行函数 聚集函数执行顺序:tName--where--group by --having--order by(select)where中不能出现当前子句中的别名,也不能用聚集
多行函数 聚集函数
执行顺序:
tName--where--group by --having--order by(select)
where中不能出现当前子句中的别名,,也不能用聚集(分组)函数
聚集函数嵌套的时候,不能得到单个的列
常用聚集函数
是对一组或一批数据进行综合操作后返回一个结果
count 行总数--处理空值,空值也算进去了
count(distinct column)
count(all column) all是默认参数,可以不写
avg 平均数--不处理空值
sum 列值的和--不处理空值
max 最大值
min 最小值
count([{distinct|all} '列名'|*) 为列值时空不在统计之内
为*时包含空行和重复行
idle> select count(comm) from emp;
COUNT(COMM)
-----------
4
idle> select count(ename) from emp;
COUNT(ENAME)
------------
14
idle> select count(*) from emp;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
idle>
idle> select count(deptno) from emp;
COUNT(DEPTNO)
-------------
14
idle> select count(distinct deptno) from emp;
COUNT(DISTINCTDEPTNO)
---------------------
3
idle> select count(all deptno) from emp;
COUNT(ALLDEPTNO)
----------------
14
idle>
idle> select avg(sal),sum(sal),max(sal),min(sal),count(sal) from emp;
AVG(SAL) SUM(SAL) MAX(SAL) MIN(SAL) COUNT(SAL)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
2073.21429 29025 5000 800 14
idle>
上面执行的聚集函数都是对所有记录统计
如果想分组统计(比如统计部门的平均值)需要使用group by 为了限制分组统计的结果需要使用having过滤
GROUP BY 分组统计 9I要排序 10G不排序
相同部门相同职位的平均工资
select deptno,job,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno,job;
求出每个部门的平均工资
idle> select deptno,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
30 1566.66667
20 2175
10 2916.66667
idle>
分组再排序
idle> select deptno,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno order by deptno ;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 2916.66667
20 2175
30 1566.66667
idle>
分组修饰列可以是未选择的列
idle> select avg(sal) from emp group by deptno order by deptno ;
AVG(SAL)
----------
2916.66667
2175
1566.66667
idle>
上面执行的分组函数都是对所有记录统计,如果想分组统计(比如统计部门的平均值)需要使用group by 为了限制分组统计的结果需要使用having过滤
GROUP BY 分组统计 9I要排序 10G不排序
求出没个部门的平均工资
idle> select deptno,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
30 1566.66667
20 2175
10 2916.66667
idle>
分组再排序
idle> select deptno,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno order by deptno ;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 2916.66667
20 2175
30 1566.66667
idle>
分组修饰列可以是未选择的列
idle> select avg(sal) from emp group by deptno order by deptno ;
AVG(SAL)
----------
2916.66667
2175
1566.66667
idle>
如果在查询中使用了分组函数,任何不在分组函数中的列或表达式必须在group by子句中
因为分组函数是返回一行 而其他列显示多行 显示结果矛盾.
idle> select avg(sal) from emp ;
AVG(SAL)
----------
2073.21429
idle> select deptno,avg(sal) from emp;
select deptno,avg(sal) from emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00937: not a single-group group function
idle> select deptno,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno ;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
30 1566.66667
20 2175
10 2916.66667
idle> select deptno,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno order by job;
select deptno,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno order by job
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00979: not a GROUP BY expression
idle>
group by多条件分组
SCOTT@ora10g> select deptno,job,avg(sal),max(sal) from emp group by deptno,job order by 1;
DEPTNO JOB AVG(SAL) MAX(SAL)
---------- --------- ---------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300 1300
10 MANAGER 2450 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000 5000
20 ANALYST 3000 3000
20 CLERK 950 1100
20 MANAGER 2975 2975
30 CLERK 950 950
30 MANAGER 2850 2850
30 SALESMAN 1400 1600
9 rows selected.
SCOTT@ora10g>

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