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探索Oracle之RMAN_05增量备份

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:13 PM

什么是增量备份,增量备份分为两种,分别为差异增量(Differential Backup)备份与累计增量(CumulativeBackup)备份。使用RMAN建立备

在前几次的博文中我提到了数据库的一致性备份和非一致性备份,它们都属于完全备份,对数据的备份,每次备份是备份所有块,在今天我们就来谈谈增量备份,通过增量备份可以有效的节省存储空间及备份的所需的时间。

1、什么是增量备份?

什么是增量备份,增量备份分为两种,分别为差异增量(Differential Backup)备份与累计增量(CumulativeBackup)备份。使用RMAN建立备份集的时,默认是备份数据文件的所有数据块,这种备份也称之为完全备份,而增量备份只备份上次备份以来变化的数据块。可以通过RMAN的增量备份来实现数据文件,表空间,数据库的备份,同时使备份文件达到最小。

相关阅读:

探索Oracle之RMAN_01概念

探索Oracle之RMAN_02基本使用

探索Oracle之RMAN_03非一致性备份

探索Oracle之RMAN_04非一致性备份

探索Oracle之RMAN_05增量备份

探索Oracle之RMAN_06备份策略

2、差异增量备份:

     差异增量备份级别1备份最近一次增量备份(差异增量备份和累计增量备份)变化的数据块。如果要进行级别1差异增量备份,RMAN备份在执行最后一个级别1的增量备份后所变化的数据块;如果之前没有执行过级别1的备份,就备份自执行级别0以后变化的数据块;如果也没有执行过级别0的备份,Rman就复制自文件创建以来变化的所有数据块,否则执行一个级别0的备份。差异增量备份见(图一)所示。

     周日执行一个级别为0的增量备份,周一和周六执行级别为1的差异增量备份,即指备份自上一个备份以来变化的数据块。

                        (图一)

3、累积增量备份:

   累计增量备份是指备份自最近的级别0备份以来所变化的数据块。累积增量备份能减少恢复时间。累计增量备份的示意图如(图二)所示。

                           (图二)

     图二中,,周日对数据库执行了级别为0的备份。周一到周六执行级别为1的累积增量备份。从图中的箭头可以看出,累计增量备份是备份级0以来的数据块被修改的数据。累计增量备份增加了备份时间,但是因为恢复的时候,需要从更少的备份集中恢复数据,所以累计增量备份将比差异增量备份更节省时间。

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